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களவியல்

The Pre-marital love

Love · Kalaviyal · chapters 109–116 · couplets 1081–1160

Kāmam / Inbam — Love · களவியல்

Kāma: a drama of love in two acts — secret love before marriage (kaḷavu) and wedded love (kaṟpu). 25 chapters, 250 couplets.

This section — The Pre-marital love — has 8 chapters. Open a chapter: its key couplet comes first, word by word with an insight; then all ten couplets.

Kāmam — two lovers and the moon
Kāmam — two lovers and the moon (drawing for this page)

109தகை அணங்குறுத்தல் ThakaiyananguruththalThe Pre-marital love couplets 1081–1090

First sight: the hero, struck by her beauty, wonders whether she is a goddess, a peacock or a woman.

Love — union

1081key couplet

அணங்குகொல் ஆய்மயில் கொல்லோ கனங்குழை
மாதர்கொல் மாலும் என் நெஞ்சு.

Anangukol Aaimayil Kollo Kananguzhai
Maadharkol Maalum En Nenju

Pope (1886)Goddess? or peafowl rare? She whose ears rich jewels wear, Is she a maid of human kind? All wildered is my mind

MeaningIs this jewelled female a celestial, a choice peahen, or a human being ? My mind is perplexed

Word by word
அணங்குகொல்a goddess?
ஆய்மயில்a fine peacock
கொல்லோ(is she)?
கனங்குழைheavy-earringed
மாதர்கொல்a woman?
மாலும்is bewildered
என்my
நெஞ்சுheart

InsightBook 3 opens like a drama. Love begins as wonder — the beloved seems more than human. Medieval commentators read the whole book also as the soul’s longing for God.

1082

நோக்கினாள் நோக்கெதிர் நோக்குதல் தாக்கணங்கு
தானைக்கொண் டன்ன துடைத்து.

Nokkinaal Nokkedhir Nokkudhal Thaakkanangu
Thaanaikkon Tanna Thutaiththu

Pope (1886)She of the beaming eyes, To my rash look her glance replies, As if the matchless goddess' hand Led forth an armed band

MeaningThis female beauty returning my looks is like a celestial maiden coming with an army to contend against me

1083

பண்டறியேன் கூற்றென் பதனை இனியறிந்தேன்
பெண்டகையால் பேரமர்க் கட்டு.

Pantariyen Kootren Padhanai Iniyarindhen
Pentakaiyaal Peramark Kattu

Pope (1886)Death's form I formerly Knew not; but now 'tis plain to me; He comes in lovely maiden's guise, With soul-subduing eyes

MeaningI never knew before what is called Yama; I see it now; it is the eyes that carry on a great fight with (the help of) female qualities

1084

கண்டார் உயிருண்ணும் தோற்றத்தால் பெண்டகைப்
பேதைக்கு அமர்த்தன கண்.

Kantaar Uyirunnum Thotraththaal Pentakaip
Pedhaikku Amarththana Kan

Pope (1886)In sweet simplicity, A woman's gracious form hath she; But yet those eyes, that drink my life, Are with the form at strife

MeaningThese eyes that seem to kill those who look at them are as it were in hostilities with this feminine simplicity

1085

கூற்றமோ கண்ணோ பிணையோ மடவரல்
நோக்கமிம் மூன்றும் உடைத்து.

Kootramo Kanno Pinaiyo Matavaral
Nokkamim Moondrum Utaiththu

Pope (1886)The light that on me gleams, Is it death's dart? or eye's bright beams?Or fawn's shy glance? All three appear In form of maiden here

MeaningIs it Yama, (a pair of) eyes or a hind ?- Are not all these three in the looks of this maid ?

1086

கொடும்புருவம் கோடா மறைப்பின் நடுங்கஞர்
செய்யல மன்இவள் கண்.

Kotumpuruvam Kotaa Maraippin Natungagnar
Seyyala Manival Kan

Pope (1886)If cruel eye-brow's bow, Unbent, would veil those glances now; The shafts that wound this trembling heart Her eyes no more would dart

MeaningHer eyes will cause (me) no trembling sorrow, if they are properly hidden by her cruel arched eyebrows

1087

கடாஅக் களிற்றின்மேற் கட்படாம் மாதர்
படாஅ முலைமேல் துகில்.

Kataaak Kalitrinmer Katpataam Maadhar
Pataaa Mulaimel Thukil

Pope (1886)As veil o'er angry eyes Of raging elephant that lies, The silken cincture's folds invest This maiden's panting breast

MeaningThe cloth that covers the firm bosom of this maiden is (like) that which covers the eyes of a rutting elephant

1088

ஒண்ணுதற் கோஒ உடைந்ததே ஞாட்பினுள்
நண்ணாரும் உட்குமென் பீடு.

Onnudhar Koo Utaindhadhe Gnaatpinul
Nannaarum Utkumen Peetu

Pope (1886)Ah woe is me my might, That awed my foemen in the fight, By lustre of that beaming brow Borne down, lies broken now

MeaningOn her bright brow alone is destroyed even that power of mine that used to terrify the most fearless

1089

பிணையேர் மடநோக்கும் நாணும் உடையாட்கு
அணியெவனோ ஏதில தந்து.

Pinaiyer Matanokkum Naanum Utaiyaatku
Aniyevano Edhila Thandhu

Pope (1886)Like tender fawn's her eye; Clothed on is she with modesty; What added beauty can be lent; By alien ornament

MeaningOf what use are other jewels to her who is adorned with modesty, and the meek looks of a hind ?

1090

உண்டார்கண் அல்லது அடுநறாக் காமம்போல்
கண்டார் மகிழ்செய்தல் இன்று.

Untaarkan Alladhu Atunaraak Kaamampol
Kantaar Makizhseydhal Indru

Pope (1886)The palm-tree's fragrant wine, To those who taste yields joys divine; But love hath rare felicity For those that only see

MeaningUnlike boiled honey which yields delight only when it is drunk, love gives pleasure even when looked at

110குறிப்பறிதல் KuripparidhalRecognition of the Signs couplets 1091–1100

Reading the signs: her glances speak what her lips do not.

Love — union

1091key couplet

இருநோக்கு இவளுண்கண் உள்ளது ஒருநோக்கு
நோய்நோக்கொன் றந்நோய் மருந்து.

Irunokku Ivalunkan Ulladhu Orunokku
Noinokkon Rannoi Marundhu

Pope (1886)A double witchery have glances of her liquid eye; One glance is glance that brings me pain; the other heals again

MeaningThere are two looks in the dyed eyes of this (fair one); one causes pain, and the other is the cure thereof

Word by word
இருநோக்குtwo looks
இவளுண்கண்in her painted eyes
உள்ளதுthere are
ஒருநோக்குone look
நோய்நோக்கொன்causes the ache
றந்நோய்that ache’s
மருந்துmedicine

InsightOne look wounds, the other heals — love as both disease and cure.

1092

கண்களவு கொள்ளும் சிறுநோக்கம் காமத்தில்
செம்பாகம் அன்று பெரிது.

Kankalavu Kollum Sirunokkam Kaamaththil
Sempaakam Andru Peridhu

Pope (1886)The furtive glance, that gleams one instant bright, Is more than half of love's supreme delight

MeaningA single stolen glance of her eyes is more than half the pleasure (of sexual embrace)

1093

நோக்கினாள் நோக்கி இறைஞ்சினாள் அஃதவள்
யாப்பினுள் அட்டிய நீர்.

Nokkinaal Nokki Irainjinaal Aqdhaval
Yaappinul Attiya Neer

Pope (1886)She looked, and looking drooped her head:On springing shoot of love 'its water shed

MeaningShe has looked (at men) and stooped (her head); and that (sign) waters as it were (the corn of) our love

1094

யான்நோக்கும் காலை நிலன்நோக்கும் நோக்காக்கால்
தான்நோக்கி மெல்ல நகும்.

Yaannokkum Kaalai Nilannokkum Nokkaakkaal
Thaannokki Mella Nakum

Pope (1886)I look on her: her eyes are on the ground the while:I look away: she looks on me with timid smile

MeaningWhen I look, she looks down; when I do not, she looks and smiles gently

1095

குறிக்கொண்டு நோக்காமை அல்லால் ஒருகண்
சிறக்கணித்தாள் போல நகும்

Kurikkontu Nokkaamai Allaal Orukan
Sirakkaniththaal Pola Nakum

Pope (1886)She seemed to see me not; but yet the maidHer love, by smiling side-long glance, betrayed

MeaningShe not only avoids a direct look at me, but looks as it were with a half-closed eye and smiles

1096

உறாஅ தவர்போல் சொலினும் செறாஅர்சொல்
ஒல்லை உணரப் படும்.

Uraaa Thavarpol Solinum Seraaarsol
Ollai Unarap Patum

Pope (1886)Though with their lips affection they disown, Yet, when they hate us not, 'tis quickly known

MeaningThough they may speak harshly as if they were strangers, the words of the friendly are soon understood

1097

செறாஅச் சிறுசொல்லும் செற்றார்போல் நோக்கும்
உறாஅர்போன்று உற்றார் குறிப்பு.

Seraaach Chirusollum Setraarpol Nokkum
Uraaarpondru Utraar Kurippu

Pope (1886)The slighting words that anger feign, while eyes their love revealAre signs of those that love, but would their love conceal

MeaningLittle words that are harsh and looks that are hateful are (but) the expressions of lovers who wish to act like strangers

1098

அசையியற்கு உண்டாண்டோர் ஏஎர்யான் நோக்கப்
பசையினள் பைய நகும்.

Asaiyiyarku Untaantor Eeryaan Nokkap
Pasaiyinal Paiya Nakum

Pope (1886)I gaze, the tender maid relents the while; And, oh the matchless grace of that soft smile

MeaningWhen I look, the pitying maid looks in return and smiles gently; and that is a comforting sign for me

1099

ஏதிலார் போலப் பொதுநோக்கு நோக்குதல்
காதலார் கண்ணே உள.

Edhilaar Polap Podhunokku Nokkudhal
Kaadhalaar Kanne Ula

Pope (1886)The look indifferent, that would its love disguise, Is only read aright by lovers' eyes

MeaningBoth the lovers are capable of looking at each other in an ordinary way, as if they were perfect strangers

1100

கண்ணொடு கண்இணை நோக்கொக்கின் வாய்ச்சொற்கள்
என்ன பயனும் இல.

Kannotu Kaninai Nokkokkin Vaaichchorkal
Enna Payanum Ila

Pope (1886)When eye to answering eye reveals the tale of love, All words that lips can say must useless prove

MeaningThe words of the mouths are of no use whatever, when there is perfect agreement between the eyes (of lovers)

111புணர்ச்சி மகிழ்தல் PunarchchimakizhdhalRejoicing in the Embrace couplets 1101–1110

Joy of union: all five senses find their delight in her.

Love — union

1101key couplet

கண்டுகேட்டு உண்டுயிர்த்து உற்றறியும் ஐம்புலனும்
ஒண்தொடி கண்ணே உள.

Kantukettu Untuyirththu Utrariyum Aimpulanum
Ondhoti Kanne Ula

Pope (1886)All joys that senses five- sight, hearing, taste, smell, touch- can give, In this resplendent armlets-bearing damsel live

MeaningThe (simultaneous) enjoyment of the five senses of sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch can only be found with bright braceleted (women)

Word by word
கண்டுகேட்டுseeing, hearing
உண்டுயிர்த்துtasting, smelling
உற்றறியும்touching — known
ஐம்புலனும்the five senses’ (joys)
ஒண்தொடிbright-bangled one
கண்ணேin her
உளare

InsightAll five senses are fulfilled at once — a contrast to Book 1, where the senses are to be restrained. Love rightly placed is one of life’s aims (kāma).

1102

பிணிக்கு மருந்து பிறமன் அணியிழை
தன்நோய்க்குத் தானே மருந்து.

Pinikku Marundhu Piraman Aniyizhai
Thannoikkuth Thaane Marundhu

Pope (1886)Disease and medicine antagonists we surely see; This maid, to pain she gives, herself is remedy

MeaningThe remedy for a disease is always something different (from it); but for the disease caused by this jewelled maid, she is herself the cure

1103

தாம்வீழ்வார் மென்றோள் துயிலின் இனிதுகொல்
தாமரைக் கண்ணான் உலகு.

Thaamveezhvaar Mendrol Thuyilin Inidhukol
Thaamaraik Kannaan Ulaku

Pope (1886)Than rest in her soft arms to whom the soul is giv'n, Is any sweeter joy in his, the Lotus-eyed-one's heaven

MeaningCan the lotus-eyed Vishnu's heaven be indeed as sweet to those who delight to sleep in the delicate arms of their beloved ?

1104

நீங்கின் தெறூஉம் குறுகுங்கால் தண்ணென்னும்
தீயாண்டுப் பெற்றாள் இவள்?

Neengin Theruum Kurukungaal Thannennum
Theeyaantup Petraal Ival?

Pope (1886)Withdraw, it burns; approach, it soothes the pain; Whence did the maid this wondrous fire obtain

MeaningFrom whence has she got this fire that burns when I withdraw and cools when I approach ?

1105

வேட்ட பொழுதின் அவையவை போலுமே
தோட்டார் கதுப்பினாள் தோள்.

Vetta Pozhudhin Avaiyavai Polume
Thottaar Kadhuppinaal Thol

Pope (1886)In her embrace, whose locks with flowery wreaths are bound, Each varied form of joy the soul can wish is found

MeaningEach varied form of joy the soul can wish is found

1106

உறுதோறு உயிர்தளிர்ப்பத் தீண்டலால் பேதைக்கு
அமிழ்தின் இயன்றன தோள்.

Urudhoru Uyirdhalirppath Theentalaal Pedhaikku
Amizhdhin Iyandrana Thol

Pope (1886)Ambrosia are the simple maiden's arms; when I attainTheir touch, my withered life puts forth its buds again

MeaningThe shoulders of this fair one are made of ambrosia, for they revive me with pleasure every time I embrace them

1107

தம்மில் இருந்து தமதுபாத்து உண்டற்றால்
அம்மா அரிவை முயக்கு.

Thammil Irundhu Thamadhupaaththu Untatraal
Ammaa Arivai Muyakku

Pope (1886)As when one eats from household store, with kindly graceSharing his meal: such is this golden maid's embrace

MeaningThe embraces of a gold-complexioned beautiful female are as pleasant as to dwell in one's own house and live by one's own (earnings) after distributing (a portion of it in charity)

1108

வீழும் இருவர்க்கு இனிதே வளியிடை
போழப் படாஅ முயக்கு.

Veezhum Iruvarkku Inidhe Valiyitai
Pozhap Pataaa Muyakku

Pope (1886)Sweet is the strict embrace of those whom fond affection binds, Where no dissevering breath of discord entrance finds

MeaningTo ardent lovers sweet is the embrace that cannot be penetrated even by a breath of breeze

1109

ஊடல் உணர்தல் புணர்தல் இவைகாமம்
கூடியார் பெற்ற பயன்.

Ootal Unardhal Punardhal Ivaikaamam
Kootiyaar Petra Payan

Pope (1886)The jealous variance, the healing of the strife, reunion gained:These are the fruits from wedded love obtained

MeaningLove quarrel, reconciliation and intercourse - these are the advantages reaped by those who marry for lust

1110

அறிதோறு அறியாமை கண்டற்றால் காமம்
செறிதோறும் சேயிழை மாட்டு.

Aridhoru Ariyaamai Kantatraal Kaamam
Seridhorum Seyizhai Maattu

Pope (1886)The more men learn, the more their lack of learning they detect;'Tis so when I approach the maid with gleaming jewels decked

MeaningAs (one's) ignorance is discovered the more one learns, so does repeated intercourse with a welladorned female (only create a desire for more)

112நலம் புனைந்து உரைத்தல் NalampunaindhuraiththalThe Praise of her Beauty couplets 1111–1120

Praise of her beauty: she is more delicate than the anicha flower.

Love — union

1111key couplet

நன்னீரை வாழி அனிச்சமே நின்னினும்
மென்னீரள் யாம்வீழ் பவள்.

Nanneerai Vaazhi Anichchame Ninninum
Menneeral Yaamveezh Paval

Pope (1886)O flower of the sensitive plant! than theeMore tender's the maiden beloved by me

MeaningMay you flourish, O Anicham! you have a delicate nature But my beloved is more delicate than you

Word by word
நன்னீரைdelicate in nature
வாழிlong live
அனிச்சமேO anicham flower
நின்னினும்than you
மென்னீரள்softer
யாம்வீழ்she whom I love
பவள்is

InsightThe anicham was said to wither when smelt — and she is gentler still.

1112

மலர்காணின் மையாத்தி நெஞ்சே இவள்கண்
பலர்காணும் பூவொக்கும் என்று.

Malarkaanin Maiyaaththi Nenje Ivalkan
Palarkaanum Poovokkum Endru

Pope (1886)You deemed, as you saw the flowers, her eyes were as flowers, my soul, That many may see; it was surely some folly that over you stole

MeaningO my soul, fancying that flowers which are seen by many can resemble her eyes, you become confused at the sight of them

1113

முறிமேனி முத்தம் முறுவல் வெறிநாற்றம்
வேலுண்கண் வேய்த்தோ ளவட்கு.

Murimeni Muththam Muruval Verinaatram
Velunkan Veyththo Lavatku

Pope (1886)As tender shoot her frame; teeth, pearls; around her odours blend; Darts are the eyes of her whose shoulders like the bambu bend

MeaningThe complexion of this bamboo-shouldered one is that of a shoot; her teeth, are pearls; her breath,

1114

காணின் குவளை கவிழ்ந்து நிலன்நோக்கும்
மாணிழை கண்ணொவ்வேம் என்று.

Kaanin Kuvalai Kavizhndhu Nilannokkum
Maanizhai Kannovvem Endru

Pope (1886)The lotus, seeing her, with head demiss, the ground would eye, And say, 'With eyes of her, rich gems who wears, we cannot vie.'

MeaningIf the blue lotus could see, it would stoop and look at the ground saying, "I can never resemble the eyes of this excellent jewelled one."

1115

அனிச்சப்பூக் கால்களையாள் பெய்தாள் நுகப்பிற்கு
நல்ல படாஅ பறை.

Anichchappook Kaalkalaiyaal Peydhaal Nukappirku
Nalla Pataaa Parai

Pope (1886)The flowers of the sensitive plant as a girdle around her she placed; The stems she forgot to nip off; they 'll weigh down the delicate waist

MeaningNo merry drums will be beaten for the (tender) waist of her who has adorned herself with the anicham without having removed its stem

1116

மதியும் மடந்தை முகனும் அறியா
பதியின் கலங்கிய மீன்.

Madhiyum Matandhai Mukanum Ariyaa
Padhiyin Kalangiya Meen

Pope (1886)The stars perplexed are rushing wildly from their spheres; For like another moon this maiden's face appears

MeaningThe stars have become confused in their places not being able to distinguish between the moon and the maid's countenance

1117

அறுவாய் நிறைந்த அவிர்மதிக்குப் க்குப் போல
மறுவுண்டோ மாதர் முகத்து.

Aruvaai Niraindha Avirmadhikkup Pola
Maruvunto Maadhar Mukaththu

Pope (1886)In moon, that waxing waning shines, as sports appear, Are any spots discerned in face of maiden here

MeaningCould there be spots in the face of this maid like those in the bright full moon ?

1118

மாதர் முகம்போல் ஒளிவிட வல்லையேல்
காதலை வாழி மத஧.

Maadhar Mukampol Olivita Vallaiyel
Kaadhalai Vaazhi Madhi

Pope (1886)Farewell, O moon! If that thine orb could shineBright as her face, thou shouldst be love of mine

MeaningIf you can indeed shine like the face of women, flourish, O moon, for then would you be worth loving ?

1119

மலரன்ன கண்ணாள் முகமொத்தி யாயின்
பலர்காணத் தோன்றல் மதி.

Malaranna Kannaal Mukamoththi Yaayin
Palarkaanath Thondral Madhi

Pope (1886)If as her face, whose eyes are flowers, thou wouldst have charms for me, Shine for my eyes alone, O moon, shine not for all to see

MeaningO moon, if you wish to resemble the face of her whose eyes are like (these) flowers, do not appear so as to be seen by all

1120

அனிச்சமும் அன்னத்தின் தூவியும் மாதர்
அடிக்கு நெருஞ்சிப் பழம்.

Anichchamum Annaththin Thooviyum Maadhar
Atikku Nerunjip Pazham

Pope (1886)The flower of the sensitive plant, and the down on the swan's white breast, As the thorn are harsh, by the delicate feet of this maiden pressed

MeaningThe anicham and the feathers of the swan are to the feet of females, like the fruit of the (thorny) Nerunji

113காதற் சிறப்புரைத்தல் KaadharsirappuraiththalDeclaration of Love"s special Excellence couplets 1121–1130

Love’s excellence: her mouth is milk mixed with honey.

Love — union

1121key couplet

பாலொடு தேன்கலந் தற்றே பணிமொழி
வாலெயிறு ஊறிய நீர்.

Paalotu Thenkalan Thatre Panimozhi
Vaaleyiru Ooriya Neer

Pope (1886)The dew on her white teeth, whose voice is soft and low, Is as when milk and honey mingled flow

MeaningThe water which oozes from the white teeth of this soft speeched damsel is like a mixture of milk and honey

Word by word
பாலொடுwith milk
தேன்கலந்honey mixed
தற்றேis like
பணிமொழிsoft-spoken (one)
வாலெயிறுwhite teeth
ஊறியoozing
நீர்water

InsightSweetness of speech and person merged.

1122

உடம்பொடு உயிரிடை என்னமற் றன்ன
மடந்தையொடு எம்மிடை நட்பு.

Utampotu Uyiritai Ennamar Ranna
Matandhaiyotu Emmitai Natpu

Pope (1886)Between this maid and me the friendship kindIs as the bonds that soul and body bind

MeaningThe love between me and this damsel is like the union of body and soul

1123

கருமணியிற் பாவாய்நீ போதாயாம் வீழும்
திருநுதற்கு இல்லை இடம்.

Karumaniyir Paavaainee Podhaayaam Veezhum
Thirunudharku Illai Itam

Pope (1886)For her with beauteous brow, the maid I love, there place is none; To give her image room, O pupil of mine eye, begone

MeaningO you image in the pupil (of my eye)! depart; there is no room for (my) fair-browed beloved

1124

வாழ்தல் உயிர்க்கன்னள் ஆயிழை சாதல்
அதற்கன்னள் நீங்கும் இடத்து.

Vaazhdhal Uyirkkannal Aayizhai Saadhal
Adharkannal Neengum Itaththu

Pope (1886)Life is she to my very soul when she draws nigh; Dissevered from the maid with jewels rare, I die

MeaningMy fair-jewelled one resembles the living soul (when she is in union with me), the dying soul when she leaves me

1125

உள்ளுவன் மன்யான் மறப்பின் மறப்பறியேன்
ஒள்ளமர்க் கண்ணாள் குணம்.

Ulluvan Manyaan Marappin Marappariyen
Ollamark Kannaal Kunam

Pope (1886)I might recall, if I could once forget; but from my heartHer charms fade not, whose eyes gleam like the warrior's dart

MeaningIf I had forgotten her who has bright battling eyes, I would have remembered (thee); but I never forget her (Thus says he to her maid)

1126

கண்ணுள்ளின் போகார் இமைப்பின் பருகுவரா
நுண்ணியர்எம் காத லவர்.

Kannullin Pokaar Imaippin Parukuvaraa
Nunniyarem Kaadha Lavar

Pope (1886)My loved one's subtle form departs not from my eyes; I wink them not, lest I should pain him where he lies

MeaningMy lover would not depart from mine eyes; even if I wink, he would not suffer (from pain); he is so ethereal

1127

கண்ணுள்ளார் காத லவராகக் கண்ணும்
எழுதேம் கரப்பாக்கு அறிந்து.

Kannullaar Kaadha Lavaraakak Kannum
Ezhudhem Karappaakku Arindhu

Pope (1886)My love doth ever in my eyes reside; I stain them not, fearing his form to hide

MeaningAs my lover abides in my eyes, I will not even paint them, for he would (then) have to conceal himself

1128

நெஞ்சத்தார் காத லவராக வெய்துண்டல்
அஞ்சுதும் வேபாக் கறிந்து.

Nenjaththaar Kaadha Lavaraaka Veydhuntal
Anjudhum Vepaak Karindhu

Pope (1886)Within my heart my lover dwells; from food I turnThat smacks of heat, lest he should feel it burn

MeaningAs my lover is in my heart, I am afraid of eating (anything) hot, for I know it would pain him

1129

இமைப்பின் கரப்பாக்கு அறிவல் அனைத்திற்கே
ஏதிலர் என்னும் இவ் வூர்.

Imaippin Karappaakku Arival Anaiththirke
Edhilar Ennum Iv Voor

Pope (1886)I fear his form to hide, nor close my eyes:'Her love estranged is gone!' the village cries

MeaningI will not wink, knowing that if I did, my lover would hide himself; and for this reason, this town says, he is unloving

1130

உவந்துறைவர் உள்ளத்துள் என்றும் இகந்துறைவர்
ஏதிலர் என்னும் இவ் வூர்.

Uvandhuraivar Ullaththul Endrum Ikandhuraivar
Edhilar Ennum Iv Voor

Pope (1886)Rejoicing in my very soul he ever lies;'Her love estranged is gone far off!' the village cries

MeaningMy lover dwells in my heart with perpetual delight; but the town says he is unloving and (therefore) dwells afar

114நாணுத் துறவுரைத்தல் NaanuththuravuraiththalThe Abandonment of Reserve couplets 1131–1140

Casting off reserve: the lover threatens the desperate “palmyra horse” (maṭal) to win his beloved.

Love — unionLove — separation

1131key couplet

காமம் உழந்து வருந்தினார்க்கு ஏமம்
மடலல்லது இல்லை வலி.

Kaamam Uzhandhu Varundhinaarkku Emam
Matalalladhu Illai Vali

Pope (1886)To those who 've proved love's joy, and now afflicted mourn, Except the helpful 'horse of palm', no other strength remains

MeaningTo those who after enjoyment of sexual pleasure suffer (for want of more), there is no help so efficient as the palmyra horse

Word by word
காமம்love
உழந்துsuffering
வருந்தினார்க்குfor those in pain
ஏமம்protection
மடலல்லதுother than the maṭal
இல்லைthere is not
வலிstrength

InsightThe maṭal — riding a palm-stem horse in public — was the last resort of a rejected lover. The book speaks of love without moralising.

1132

நோனா உடம்பும் உயிரும் மடலேறும்
நாணினை நீக்கி நிறுத்து.

Nonaa Utampum Uyirum Matalerum
Naaninai Neekki Niruththu

Pope (1886)My body and my soul, that can no more endure, Will lay reserve aside, and mount the 'horse of palm'

MeaningHaving got rid of shame, the suffering body and soul save themselves on the palmyra horse

1133

நாணொடு நல்லாண்மை பண்டுடையேன் இன்றுடையேன்
காமுற்றார் ஏறும் மடல்.

Naanotu Nallaanmai Pantutaiyen Indrutaiyen
Kaamutraar Erum Matal

Pope (1886)I once retained reserve and seemly manliness; To-day I nought possess but lovers' 'horse of palm'

MeaningModesty and manliness were once my own; now, my own is the palmyra horse that is ridden by the lustful

1134

காமக் கடும்புனல் உய்க்கும் நாணொடு
நல்லாண்மை என்னும் புணை.

Kaamak Katumpunal Uykkum Naanotu
Nallaanmai Ennum Punai

Pope (1886)Love's rushing tide will sweep away the raftOf seemly manliness and shame combined

MeaningThe raft of modesty and manliness, is, alas, carried-off by the strong current of lust

1135

தொடலைக் குறுந்தொடி தந்தாள் மடலொடு
மாலை உழக்கும் துயர்.

Thotalaik Kurundhoti Thandhaal Matalotu
Maalai Uzhakkum Thuyar

Pope (1886)The maid that slender armlets wears, like flowers entwined, Has brought me 'horse of palm,' and pangs of eventide

MeaningShe with the small garland-like bracelets has given me the palmyra horse and the sorrow that is endured at night

1136

மடலூர்தல் யாமத்தும் உள்ளுவேன் மன்ற
படல்ஒல்லா பேதைக்கென் கண்.

Mataloordhal Yaamaththum Ulluven Mandra
Patalollaa Pedhaikken Kan

Pope (1886)Of climbing 'horse of palm' in midnight hour, I think; My eyes know no repose for that same simple maid

MeaningMine eyes will not close in sleep on your mistress's account; even at midnight will I think of mounting the palmyra horse

1137

கடலன்ன காமம் உழந்தும் மடலேறாப்
பெண்ணின் பெருந்தக்க தில்.

Katalanna Kaamam Uzhandhum Mataleraap
Pennin Perundhakka Thil

Pope (1886)There's nought of greater worth than woman's long-enduring soul, Who, vexed by love like ocean waves, climbs not the 'horse of palm'

MeaningThere is nothing so noble as the womanly nature that would not ride the palmyra horse, though plunged a sea of lust

1138

நிறையரியர் மன்அளியர் என்னாது காமம்
மறையிறந்து மன்று படும்.

Niraiyariyar Manaliyar Ennaadhu Kaamam
Maraiyirandhu Mandru Patum

Pope (1886)In virtue hard to move, yet very tender, too, are we; Love deems not so, would rend the veil, and court publicity

MeaningEven the Lust (of women) transgresses its secrecy and appears in public, forgetting that they are too chaste and liberal (to be overcome by it)

1139

அறிகிலார் எல்லாரும் என்றேஎன் காமம்
மறுகின் மறுகும் மருண்டு.

Arikilaar Ellaarum Endreen Kaamam
Marukin Marukum Maruntu

Pope (1886)'There's no one knows my heart,' so says my love, And thus, in public ways, perturbed will rove

MeaningAnd thus, in public ways, perturbed will rove

1140

யாம்கண்ணின் காண நகுப அறிவில்லார்
யாம்பட்ட தாம்படா ஆறு.

Yaamkannin Kaana Nakupa Arivillaar
Yaampatta Thaampataa Aaru

Pope (1886)Before my eyes the foolish make a mock of me, Because they ne'er endured the pangs I now must drie

MeaningEven strangers laugh (at us) so as to be seen by us, for they have not suffered

115அலர் அறிவுறுத்தல் AlararivuruththalThe Announcement of the Rumour couplets 1141–1150

The rumour: gossip about their love only makes it grow.

Love — union

1141key couplet

அலரெழ ஆருயிர் நிற்கும் அதனைப்
பலரறியார் பாக்கியத் தால்.

Alarezha Aaruyir Nirkum Adhanaip
Palarariyaar Paakkiyath Thaal

Pope (1886)By this same rumour's rise, my precious life stands fast; Good fortune grant the many know this not

MeaningMy precious life is saved by the raise of rumour, and this, to my good luck no others are aware of

Word by word
அலரெழas rumour rises
ஆருயிர்precious life
நிற்கும்stays
அதனைப்that
பலரறியார்many do not know
பாக்கியத்by good fortune
தால்↳ completes the word before

InsightPublic talk feeds the private flame.

1142

மலரன்ன கண்ணாள் அருமை அறியாது
அலரெமக்கு ஈந்ததிவ் வூர்.

Malaranna Kannaal Arumai Ariyaadhu
Alaremakku Eendhadhiv Voor

Pope (1886)The village hath to us this rumour giv'n, that makes her mine; Unweeting all the rareness of the maid with flower-like eyne

MeaningNot knowing the value of her whose eyes are like flowers this town has got up a rumour about me

1143

உறாஅதோ ஊரறிந்த கெளவை அதனைப்
பெறாஅது பெற்றன்ன நீர்த்து.

Uraaadho Oorarindha Kelavai Adhanaip
Peraaadhu Petranna Neerththu

Pope (1886)The rumour spread within the town, is it not gain to me?It is as though that were obtained that may not be

MeaningWill I not get a rumour that is known to the (whole) town ? For what I have not got is as if I had got it (already)

1144

கவ்வையால் கவ்விது காமம் அதுவின்றேல்
தவ்வென்னும் தன்மை இழந்து.

Kavvaiyaal Kavvidhu Kaamam Adhuvindrel
Thavvennum Thanmai Izhandhu

Pope (1886)The rumour rising makes my love to rise; My love would lose its power and languish otherwise

MeaningRumour increases the violence of my passion; without it it would grow weak and waste away

1145

களித்தொறும் கள்ளுண்டல் வேட்டற்றால் காமம்
வெளிப்படுந் தோறும் இனிது.

Kaliththorum Kalluntal Vettatraal Kaamam
Velippatun Thorum Inidhu

Pope (1886)The more man drinks, the more he ever drunk would be; The more my love's revealed, the sweeter 'tis to me

MeaningAs drinking liquor is delightful (to one) whenever one is in mirth, so is lust delightful to me whenever it is the subject of rumour

1146

கண்டது மன்னும் ஒருநாள் அலர்மன்னும்
திங்களைப் பாம்புகொண் டற்று.

Kantadhu Mannum Orunaal Alarmannum
Thingalaip Paampukon Tatru

Pope (1886)I saw him but one single day: rumour spreads soonAs darkness, when the dragon seizes on the moon

MeaningIt was but a single day that I looked on (my lover); but the rumour thereof has spread like the seizure of the moon by the serpent

1147

ஊரவர் கெளவை எருவாக அன்னைசொல்
நீராக நீளும்இந் நோய்.

Ooravar Kelavai Eruvaaka Annaisol
Neeraaka Neelumin Noi

Pope (1886)My anguish grows apace: the town's reportManures it; my mother's word doth water it

MeaningThis malady (of lust) is manured by the talk of women and watered by the (harsh) words of my mother

1148

நெய்யால் எரிநுதுப்பேம் என்றற்றால் கெளவையால்
காமம் நுதுப்பேம் எனல்.

Neyyaal Erinudhuppem Endratraal Kelavaiyaal
Kaamam Nudhuppem Enal

Pope (1886)With butter-oil extinguish fire! 'Twill proveHarder by scandal to extinguish love

MeaningTo say that one could extinguish passion by rumour is like extinguishing fire with ghee

1149

அலர்நாண ஒல்வதோ அஞ்சலோம்பு என்றார்
பலர்நாண நீத்தக் கடை.

Alarnaana Olvadho Anjalompu Endraar
Palarnaana Neeththak Katai

Pope (1886)When he who said 'Fear not!' hath left me blamed, While many shrink, can I from rumour hide ashamed

MeaningWhen the departure of him who said "fear not" has put me to shame before others, why need I be ashamed of scandal

1150

தாம்வேண்டின் நல்குவர் காதலர் யாம்வேண்டும்
கெளவை எடுக்கும்இவ் வூர்.

Thaamventin Nalkuvar Kaadhalar Yaamventum
Kelavai Etukkumiv Voor

Pope (1886)If we desire, who loves will grant what we require; This town sends forth the rumour we desire

MeaningThe rumour I desire is raised by the town (itself); and my lover would if desired consent (to my following him)

116பிரிவு ஆற்றாமை PirivaatraamaiSeparation unendurable couplets 1151–1160

Separation unbearable: “Tell me only if you are not leaving; tell your quick return to those who will still be alive.”

Love — separation

1151key couplet

செல்லாமை உண்டேல் எனக்குரை மற்றுநின்
வல்வரவு வாழ்வார்க் குரை.

Sellaamai Untel Enakkurai Matrunin
Valvaravu Vaazhvaark Kurai

Pope (1886)If you will say, 'I leave thee not,' then tell me so; Of quick return tell those that can survive this woe

MeaningIf it is not departure, tell me; but if it is your speedy return, tell it to those who would be alive then

Word by word
செல்லாமைnot going
உண்டேல்if it is
எனக்குரைtell me
மற்றுநின்otherwise, your
வல்வரவுquick return
வாழ்வார்க்to those who will live
குரைtell

InsightThe heroine’s wit hides despair: she will not survive the parting to hear of the return.

1152

இன்கண் உடைத்தவர் பார்வல் பிரிவஞ்சும்
புன்கண் உடைத்தால் புணர்வு.

Inkan Utaiththavar Paarval Pirivanjum
Punkan Utaiththaal Punarvu

Pope (1886)It once was perfect joy to look upon his face; But now the fear of parting saddens each embrace

MeaningHis very look was once pleasing; but (now) even intercourse is painful through fear of separation

1153

அரிதரோ தேற்றம் அறிவுடையார் கண்ணும்
பிரிவோ ரிடத்துண்மை யான்.

Aridharo Thetram Arivutaiyaar Kannum
Pirivo Ritaththunmai Yaan

Pope (1886)To trust henceforth is hard, if ever he depart, E'en he, who knows his promise and my breaking heart

MeaningAs even the lover who understands (everything) may at times depart, confidence is hardly possible

1154

அளித்தஞ்சல் என்றவர் நீப்பின் தெளித்தசொல்
தேறியார்க்கு உண்டோ தவறு.

Aliththanjal Endravar Neeppin Theliththasol
Theriyaarkku Unto Thavaru

Pope (1886)If he depart, who fondly said, 'Fear not,' what blame's incurredBy those who trusted to his reassuring word

MeaningIf he who bestowed his love and said "fear not" should depart, will it be the fault of those who believed in (his) assuring words ?

1155

ஓம்பின் அமைந்தார் பிரிவோம்பல் மற்றவர்
நீங்கின் அரிதால் புணர்வு.

Ompin Amaindhaar Pirivompal Matravar
Neengin Aridhaal Punarvu

Pope (1886)If you would guard my life, from going him restrainWho fills my life! If he depart, hardly we meet again

MeaningIf you would save (my life), delay the departure of my destined (husband); for if he departs, intercourse will become impossible

1156

பிரிவுரைக்கும் வன்கண்ணர் ஆயின் அரிதவர்
நல்குவர் என்னும் நசை.

Pirivuraikkum Vankannar Aayin Aridhavar
Nalkuvar Ennum Nasai

Pope (1886)To cherish longing hope that he should ever gracious be, Is hard, when he could stand, and of departure speak to me

MeaningIs hard, when he could stand, and of departure speak to me

1157

துறைவன் துறந்தமை தூற்றாகொல் முன்கை
இறைஇறவா நின்ற வளை.

Thuraivan Thurandhamai Thootraakol Munkai
Iraiiravaa Nindra Valai

Pope (1886)The bracelet slipping from my wrist announced beforeDeparture of the Prince that rules the ocean shore

MeaningDo not the rings that begin to slide down my fingers forebode the separation of my lord ?

1158

இன்னாது இனன்இல்ஊர் வாழ்தல் அதனினும்
இன்னாது இனியார்ப் பிரிவு.

Innaadhu Inaniloor Vaazhdhal Adhaninum
Innaadhu Iniyaarp Pirivu

Pope (1886)'Tis sad to sojourn in the town where no kind kinsmen dwell;'Tis sadder still to bid a friend beloved farewell

MeaningPainful is it to live in a friendless town; but far more painful is it to part from one's lover

1159

தொடிற்சுடின் அல்லது காமநோய் போல
விடிற்சுடல் ஆற்றுமோ தீ.

Thotirsutin Alladhu Kaamanoi Pola
Vitirsutal Aatrumo Thee

Pope (1886)Fire burns the hands that touch; but smart of loveWill burn in hearts that far away remove

MeaningFire burns when touched; but, like the sickness of love, can it also burn when removed ?

1160

அரிதாற்றி அல்லல்நோய் நீக்கிப் பிரிவாற்றிப்
பின்இருந்து வாழ்வார் பலர்.

Aridhaatri Allalnoi Neekkip Pirivaatrip
Pinirundhu Vaazhvaar Palar

Pope (1886)Sorrow's sadness meek sustaining, Driving sore distress away, Separation uncomplaining Many bear the livelong day

MeaningAs if there were many indeed that can consent to the impossible, kill their pain, endure separation and yet continue to live afterwards

Tamil text and transliteration from the open Tirukkural dataset (github.com/tk120404/thirukkural), typos corrected. English: G. U. Pope’s verse translation (1886) and a 19th-century prose rendering, both public domain. Word meanings, chapter themes and insights are written for this page, following the classical reading of Parimēlaḻakar. Pictures: Wikimedia Commons (public domain / CC0) and drawings made for this page.