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நட்பியல்

Friendship

Wealth · Natpiyal · chapters 79–95 · couplets 781–950

Poruḷ — Wealth · நட்பியல்

Artha: kingship, learning, counsel, alliances, the army, friendship, the economy and the character of the citizen. 70 chapters, 700 couplets.

This section — Friendship — has 17 chapters. Open a chapter: its key couplet comes first, word by word with an insight; then all ten couplets.

Poruḷ — the sceptre and the plough
Poruḷ — the sceptre and the plough (drawing for this page)

79நட்பு NatpuFriendship couplets 781–790

Friendship: nothing is harder to win, and no protection stronger.

Friendship

781key couplet

செயற்கரிய யாவுள நட்பின் அதுபோல்
வினைக்கரிய யாவுள காப்பு.

Seyarkariya Yaavula Natpin Adhupol
Vinaikkariya Yaavula Kaappu

Pope (1886)What so hard for men to gain as friendship trueWhat so sure defence 'gainst all that foe can do

MeaningWhat so sure defence 'gainst all that foe can do?

Word by word
செயற்கரியhard to achieve
யாவுளwhat is there
நட்பின்than friendship
அதுபோல்like it
வினைக்கரியfor deeds
யாவுளwhat is there
காப்புa protection

InsightFriendship is the best armour — Rāma’s alliances with Guha, Sugrīva and Vibhīṣaṇa show it.

782

நிறைநீர நீரவர் கேண்மை பிறைமதிப்
பின்னீர பேதையார் நட்பு.

Niraineera Neeravar Kenmai Piraimadhip
Pinneera Pedhaiyaar Natpu

Pope (1886)Friendship with men fulfilled of good Waxes like the crescent moon; Friendship with men of foolish mood, Like the full orb, waneth soon

MeaningThe friendship of the wise waxes like the new moon; (but) that of fools wanes like the full moon

783

நவில்தொறும் நூல்நயம் போலும் பயில்தொறும்
பண்புடை யாளர் தொடர்பு.

Navildhorum Noolnayam Polum Payildhorum
Panputai Yaalar Thotarpu

Pope (1886)Learned scroll the more you ponder, Sweeter grows the mental food; So the heart by use grows fonder, Bound in friendship with the good

MeaningLike learning, the friendship of the noble, the more it is cultivated, the more delightful does it become

784

நகுதற் பொருட்டன்று நட்டல் மிகுதிக்கண்
மேற்செனறு இடித்தற் பொருட்டு.

Nakudhar Poruttandru Nattal Mikudhikkan
Mersenaru Itiththar Poruttu

Pope (1886)Nor for laughter only friendship all the pleasant day, But for strokes of sharp reproving, when from right you stray

MeaningFriendship is to be practised not for the purpose of laughing but for that of being beforehand in giving one another sharp rebukes in case of transgression

785

புணர்ச்சி பழகுதல் வேண்டா உணர்ச்சிதான்
நட்பாங் கிழமை தரும்.

Punarchchi Pazhakudhal Ventaa Unarchchidhaan
Natpaang Kizhamai Tharum

Pope (1886)Not association constant, not affection's token bind;'Tis the unison of feeling friends unites of kindred mind

MeaningLiving together and holding frequent intercourse are not necessary (for friendship); (mutual) understanding can alone create a claim for it

786

முகநக நட்பது நட்பன்று நெஞ்சத்து
அகநக நட்பது நட்பு.

Mukanaka Natpadhu Natpandru Nenjaththu
Akanaka Natpadhu Natpu

Pope (1886)Not the face's smile of welcome shows the friend sincere, But the heart's rejoicing gladness when the friend is near

MeaningThe love that dwells (merely in the smiles of the face is not friendship; (but) that which dwells deep in the smiles of the heart is true friendship

787

அழிவி னவைநீக்கி ஆறுய்த்து அழிவின்கண்
அல்லல் உழப்பதாம் நட்பு.

Azhivi Navaineekki Aaruyththu Azhivinkan
Allal Uzhappadhaam Natpu

Pope (1886)Friendship from ruin saves, in way of virtue keeps; In troublous time, it weeps with him who weeps

Meaning(True) friendship turns aside from evil (ways) makes (him) walk in the (good) way, and, in case of loss if shares his sorrow (with him)

788

உடுக்கை இழந்தவன் கைபோல ஆங்கே
இடுக்கண் களைவதாம் நட்பு.

Utukkai Izhandhavan Kaipola Aange
Itukkan Kalaivadhaam Natpu

Pope (1886)As hand of him whose vesture slips away, Friendship at once the coming grief will stay

Meaning(True) friendship hastens to the rescue of the afflicted (as readily) as the hand of one whose garment is loosened (before an assembly)

789

நட்பிற்கு வீற்றிருக்கை யாதெனின் கொட்பின்றி
ஒல்லும்வாய் ஊன்றும் நிலை.

Natpirku Veetrirukkai Yaadhenin Kotpindri
Ollumvaai Oondrum Nilai

Pope (1886)And where is friendship's royal seat? In stable mind, Where friend in every time of need support may find

MeaningFriendship may be said to be on its throne when it possesses the power of supporting one at all times and under all circumstances, (in the practice or virtue and wealth)

790

இனையர் இவரெமக்கு இன்னம்யாம் என்று
புனையினும் புல்லென்னும் நட்பு.

Inaiyar Ivaremakku Innamyaam Endru
Punaiyinum Pullennum Natpu

Pope (1886)Mean is the friendship that men blazon forth,'He's thus to me' and 'such to him my worth'

MeaningThough friends may praise one another saying, "He is so intimate with us, and we so much (with him)"; (still) such friendship will appear mean

80நட்பாராய்தல் NatpaaraaidhalInvestigation in forming Friendships couplets 791–800

Testing friendship: there is no greater harm than befriending without examination.

Friendship

791key couplet

நாடாது நட்டலிற் கேடில்லை நட்டபின்
வீடில்லை நட்பாள் பவர்க்கு.

Naataadhu Nattalir Ketillai Nattapin
Veetillai Natpaal Pavarkku

Pope (1886)To make an untried man your friend is ruin sure; For friendship formed unbroken must endure

MeaningAs those who are of a friendly nature will not forsake (a friend) after once loving (him), there is no evil so great as contracting a friendship without due inquiry

Word by word
நாடாதுwithout examining
நட்டலிற்in befriending
கேடில்லைno greater harm
நட்டபின்after befriending
வீடில்லைthere is no release
நட்பாள்friendship
பவர்க்குfor those who keep

InsightChoose friends slowly; the loyal cannot easily leave once bound.

792

ஆய்ந்தாய்ந்து கொள்ளாதான் கேண்மை கடைமுறை
தான்சாம் துயரம் தரும்.

Aaindhaaindhu Kollaadhaan Kenmai Kataimurai
Thaansaam Thuyaram Tharum

Pope (1886)Alliance with the man you have not proved and proved again, In length of days will give you mortal pain

MeaningThe friendship contracted by him who has not made repeated inquiry will in the end grieve (him) to death

793

குணமும் குடிமையும் குற்றமும் குன்றா
இனனும் அறிந்தியாக்க நட்பு.

Kunamum Kutimaiyum Kutramum Kundraa
Inanum Arindhiyaakka Natpu

Pope (1886)Temper, descent, defects, associations freeFrom blame: know these, then let the man be friend to thee

MeaningMake friendship (with one) after ascertaining (his) character, birth, defects and the whole of one's relations

794

குடிப்பிறந்து தன்கண் பழிநாணு வானைக்
கொடுத்தும் கொளல்வேண்டும் நட்பு.

Kutippirandhu Thankan Pazhinaanu Vaanaik
Kotuththum Kolalventum Natpu

Pope (1886)Who, born of noble race, from guilt would shrink with shame, Pay any price so you as friend that man may claim

MeaningThe friendship of one who belongs to a (good) family and is afraid of (being charged with) guilt, is worth even purchasing

795

அழச்சொல்லி அல்லது இடித்து வழக்கறிய
வல்லார்நடபு ஆய்ந்து கொளல்.

Azhachcholli Alladhu Itiththu Vazhakkariya
Vallaarnatapu Aaindhu Kolal

Pope (1886)Make them your chosen friend whose words repentance move, With power prescription's path to show, while evil they reprove

MeaningYou should examine and secure the friendship of those who can speak so as to make you weep over a crime (before its commission) or rebuke you severely (after you have done it) and are able to teach

796

கேட்டினும் உண்டோர் உறுதி கிளைஞரை
நீட்டி அளப்பதோர் கோல்.

Kettinum Untor Urudhi Kilaignarai
Neetti Alappadhor Kol

Pope (1886)Ruin itself one blessing lends:'Tis staff that measures out one's friends

MeaningEven in ruin there is some good; (for) it is a rod by which one may measure fully (the affection of one's) relations

797

ஊதியம் என்பது ஒருவற்குப் பேதையார்
கேண்மை ஒரீஇ விடல்.

Oodhiyam Enpadhu Oruvarkup Pedhaiyaar
Kenmai Oreei Vital

Pope (1886)'Tis gain to any man, the sages say, Friendship of fools to put away

MeaningIt is indead a gain for one to renounce the friendship of fools

798

உள்ளற்க உள்ளம் சிறுகுவ கொள்ளற்க
அல்லற்கண் ஆற்றறுப்பார் நட்பு.

Ullarka Ullam Sirukuva Kollarka
Allarkan Aatraruppaar Natpu

Pope (1886)Think not the thoughts that dwarf the soul; nor takeFor friends the men who friends in time of grief forsake

MeaningDo not think of things that discourage your mind, nor contract friendship with those who would forsake you in adversity

799

கெடுங்காலைக் கைவிடுவார் கேண்மை அடுங்காலை
உள்ளினும் உள்ளஞ் சுடும்.

Ketungaalaik Kaivituvaar Kenmai Atungaalai
Ullinum Ullanj Chutum

Pope (1886)Of friends deserting us on ruin's brink,'Tis torture e'en in life's last hour to think

MeaningThe very thought of the friendship of those who have deserted one at the approach of adversity will burn one's mind at the time of death

800

மருவுக மாசற்றார் கேண்மைஒன் றீத்தும்
ஒருவுக ஒப்பிலார் நட்பு.

Maruvuka Maasatraar Kenmaion Reeththum
Oruvuka Oppilaar Natpu

Pope (1886)Cling to the friendship of the spotless one's; whate'er you payRenounce alliance with the men of evil way

MeaningContinue to enjoy the friendship of the pure; (but) renounce even with a gift, the friendship of those who do not agree (with the world)

81பழைமை PazhaimaiFamiliarity couplets 801–810

Intimacy: true friendship is not hurt by the liberties of long familiarity.

Friendship

801key couplet

பழைமை எனப்படுவது யாதெனின் யாதும்
கிழமையைக் கீழ்ந்திடா நட்பு.

Pazhaimai Enappatuvadhu Yaadhenin Yaadhum
Kizhamaiyaik Keezhndhitaa Natpu

Pope (1886)Familiarity is friendship's silent pact, That puts restraint on no familiar act

MeaningImtimate friendship is that which cannot in the least be injured by (things done through the) right (of longstanding intimacy)

Word by word
பழைமைold friendship
எனப்படுவதுwhat is called
யாதெனின்if asked what it is
யாதும்in any way
கிழமையைக்the rights (of intimacy)
கீழ்ந்திடாnot resenting
நட்புfriendship

InsightOld friends may take liberties; the friendship does not break.

802

நட்பிற் குறுப்புக் கெழுதகைமை மற்றதற்கு
உப்பாதல் சான்றோர் கடன்.

Natpir Kuruppuk Kezhudhakaimai Matradharku
Uppaadhal Saandror Katan

Pope (1886)Familiar freedom friendship's very frame supplies; To be its savour sweet is duty of the wise

MeaningThe constituents of friendship are (things done through) the right of intimacy; to be pleased with such a right is the duty of the wise

803

பழகிய நட்பெவன் செய்யுங் கெழுதகைமை
செய்தாங்கு அமையாக் கடை.

Pazhakiya Natpevan Seyyung Kezhudhakaimai
Seydhaangu Amaiyaak Katai

Pope (1886)When to familiar acts men kind response refuse, What fruit from ancient friendship's use

MeaningOf what avail is long-standing friendship, if friends do not admit as their own actions done through the right of intimacy ?

804

விழைதகையான் வேண்டி இருப்பர் கெழுதகையாற்
கேளாது நட்டார் செயின்.

Vizhaidhakaiyaan Venti Iruppar Kezhudhakaiyaar
Kelaadhu Nattaar Seyin

Pope (1886)When friends unbidden do familiar acts with loving heart, Friends take the kindly deed in friendly part

MeaningIf friends, through the right of friendship, do (anything) without being asked, the wise will be pleased with them on account of its desirability

805

பேதைமை ஒன்றோ பெருங்கிழமை என்றுணர்க
நோதக்க நட்டார் செயின்.

Pedhaimai Ondro Perungizhamai Endrunarka
Nodhakka Nattaar Seyin

Pope (1886)Not folly merely, but familiar carelessness, Esteem it, when your friends cause you distress

MeaningIf friends should perform what is painful, understand that it is owing not only to ignorance, but also to the strong claims of intimacy

806

எல்லைக்கண் நின்றார் துறவார் தொலைவிடத்தும்
தொல்லைக்கண் நின்றார் தொடர்பு.

Ellaikkan Nindraar Thuravaar Tholaivitaththum
Thollaikkan Nindraar Thotarpu

Pope (1886)Who stand within the bounds quit not, though loss impends, Association with the old familiar friends

MeaningThose who stand within the limits (of true friendship) will not even in adversity give up the intimacy of long-standing friends

807

அழிவந்த செய்யினும் அன்பறார் அன்பின்
வழிவந்த கேண்மை யவர்.

Azhivandha Seyyinum Anparaar Anpin
Vazhivandha Kenmai Yavar

Pope (1886)True friends, well versed in loving ways, Cease not to love, when friend their love betrays

MeaningThose who have (long) stood in the path of affection will not give it up even if their friends cause (them) their ruin

808

கேளிழுக்கம் கேளாக் கெழுதகைமை வல்லார்க்கு
நாளிழுக்கம் நட்டார் செயின்.

Kelizhukkam Kelaak Kezhudhakaimai Vallaarkku
Naalizhukkam Nattaar Seyin

Pope (1886)In strength of friendship rare of friend's disgrace who will not hear, The day his friend offends will day of grace to him appear

MeaningTo those who understand that by which they should not listen to (tales about) the faults of their friends, that is a (profitable) day on which the latter may commit a fault

809

கெடாஅ வழிவந்த கேண்மையார் கேண்மை
விடாஅர் விழையும் உலகு.

Ketaaa Vazhivandha Kenmaiyaar Kenmai
Vitaaar Vizhaiyum Ulaku

Pope (1886)Friendship of old and faithful friends, Who ne'er forsake, the world commends

MeaningThey will be loved by the world, who have not forsaken the friendship of those with whom they have kept up an unbroken long-standing intimacy

810

விழையார் விழையப் படுப பழையார்கண்
பண்பின் தலைப்பிரியா தார்.

Vizhaiyaar Vizhaiyap Patupa Pazhaiyaarkan
Panpin Thalaippiriyaa Thaar

Pope (1886)Ill-wishers even wish them well, who guardFor ancient friends, their wonted kind regard

MeaningEven enemies will love those who have never changed in their affection to their long-standingfriends

82தீ நட்பு Thee NatpuEvil Friendship couplets 811–820

Bad friendship: better that the friendship of the worthless shrink than grow.

Friendship

811key couplet

பருகுவார் போலினும் பண்பிலார் கேண்மை
பெருகலிற் குன்றல் இனிது.

Parukuvaar Polinum Panpilaar Kenmai
Perukalir Kundral Inidhu

Pope (1886)Though evil men should all-absorbing friendship show, Their love had better die away than grow

MeaningThe decrease of friendship with those who look as if they would eat you up (through excess of love) while they are really destitute of goodness is far better than its increase

Word by word
பருகுவார்as if drinking (you) in
போலினும்even though
பண்பிலார்of the characterless
கேண்மைfriendship
பெருகலிற்than growing
குன்றல்diminishing
இனிதுis sweet

InsightFlattery is not friendship; its loss is gain.

812

உறின்நட்டு அறினொருஉம் ஒப்பிலார் கேண்மை
பெறினும் இழப்பினும் என்?

Urinnattu Arinoruum Oppilaar Kenmai
Perinum Izhappinum En?

Pope (1886)What though you gain or lose friendship of men of alien heart, Who when you thrive are friends, and when you fail depart

MeaningOf what avail is it to get or lose the friendship of those who love when there is gain and leave when there is none ?

813

உறுவது சீர்தூக்கும் நட்பும் பெறுவது
கொள்வாரும் கள்வரும் நேர்.

Uruvadhu Seerdhookkum Natpum Peruvadhu
Kolvaarum Kalvarum Ner

Pope (1886)These are alike: the friends who ponder friendship's gainThose who accept whate'er you give, and all the plundering train

MeaningFriendship who calculate the profits (of their friendship), prostitutes who are bent on obtaining their gains, and thieves are (all) of the same character

814

அமரகத்து ஆற்றறுக்கும் கல்லாமா அன்னார்
தமரின் தனிமை தலை.

Amarakaththu Aatrarukkum Kallaamaa Annaar
Thamarin Thanimai Thalai

Pope (1886)A steed untrained will leave you in the tug of war; Than friends like that to dwell alone is better far

MeaningSolitude is more to be desired than the society of those who resemble the untrained horses which throw down (their riders) in the fields of battle

815

செய்தேமஞ் சாராச் சிறியவர் புன்கேண்மை
எய்தலின் எய்தாமை நன்று.

Seydhemanj Chaaraach Chiriyavar Punkenmai
Eydhalin Eydhaamai Nandru

Pope (1886)'Tis better not to gain than gain the friendship profitlessOf men of little minds, who succour fails when dangers press

MeaningIt is far better to avoid that to contract the evil friendship of the base who cannot protect (their friends) even when appointed to do so

816

பேதை பெருங்கெழீஇ நட்பின் அறிவுடையார்
ஏதின்மை கோடி உறும்.

Pedhai Perungezheei Natpin Arivutaiyaar
Edhinmai Koti Urum

Pope (1886)Better ten million times incur the wise man's hate, Than form with foolish men a friendship intimate

MeaningThe hatred of the wise is ten-million times more profitable than the excessive intimacy of the fool

817

நகைவகைய ராகிய நட்பின் பகைவரால்
பத்தடுத்த கோடி உறும்.

Nakaivakaiya Raakiya Natpin Pakaivaraal
Paththatuththa Koti Urum

Pope (1886)From foes ten million fold a greater good you gain, Than friendship yields that's formed with laughers vain

MeaningWhat comes from enemies is a hundred million times more profitable than what comes from the friendship of those who cause only laughter

818

ஒல்லும் கருமம் உடற்று பவர்கேண்மை
சொல்லாடார் சோர விடல்.

Ollum Karumam Utatru Pavarkenmai
Sollaataar Sora Vital

Pope (1886)Those men who make a grievous toil of what they doOn your behalf, their friendship silently eschew

MeaningGradually abandon without revealing (beforehand) the friendship of those who pretend inability to carry out what they (really) could do

819

கனவினும் இன்னாது மன்னோ வினைவேறு
சொல்வேறு பட்டார் தொடர்பு.

Kanavinum Innaadhu Manno Vinaiveru
Solveru Pattaar Thotarpu

Pope (1886)E'en in a dream the intercourse is bitternessWith men whose deeds are other than their words profess

MeaningThe friendship of those whose actions do not agree with their words will distress (one) even in (one's) dreams

820

எனைத்தும் குறுகுதல் ஓம்பல் மனைக்கெழீஇ
மன்றில் பழிப்பார் தொடர்பு.

Enaiththum Kurukudhal Ompal Manaikkezheei
Mandril Pazhippaar Thotarpu

Pope (1886)In anywise maintain not intercourse with those, Who in the house are friends, in hall are slandering foes

MeaningAvoid even the least approach to a contraction of friendship with those who would love you in private but ridicule you in public

83கூடா நட்பு KootaanatpuUnreal Friendship couplets 821–830

False friendship: hidden enmity is an anvil, struck when the time is right.

Friendship

821key couplet

சீரிடம் காணின் எறிதற்குப் பட்டடை
நேரா நிரந்தவர் நட்பு.

Seeritam Kaanin Eridharkup Pattatai
Neraa Nirandhavar Natpu

Pope (1886)Anvil where thou shalt smitten be, when men occasion find, Is friendship's form without consenting mind

MeaningThe friendship of those who behave like friends without inward affection is a weapon that may be thrown when a favourable opportunity presents itself

Word by word
சீரிடம்a fitting chance
காணின்when they see
எறிதற்குப்for striking
பட்டடைan anvil
நேராwithout sincerity
நிரந்தவர்who are close
நட்புfriendship

InsightBeware the friend in face only.

822

இனம்போன்று இனமல்லார் கேண்மை மகளிர்
மனம்போல வேறு படும்.

Inampondru Inamallaar Kenmai Makalir
Manampola Veru Patum

Pope (1886)Friendship of those who seem our kin, but are not really kindWill change from hour to hour like woman's mind

MeaningThe friendship of those who seem to be friends while they are not, will change like the love of women

823

பலநல்ல கற்றக் கடைத்து மனநல்லர்
ஆகுதல் மாணார்க் கரிது.

Palanalla Katrak Kataiththu Mananallar
Aakudhal Maanaark Karidhu

Pope (1886)To heartfelt goodness men ignoble hardly may attain, Although abundant stores of goodly lore they gain

MeaningThough (one's) enemies may have mastered many good books, it will be impossible for them to become truly loving at heart

824

முகத்தின் இனிய நகாஅ அகத்தின்னா
வஞ்சரை அஞ்சப் படும்.

Mukaththin Iniya Nakaaa Akaththinnaa
Vanjarai Anjap Patum

Pope (1886)'Tis fitting you should dread dissemblers' guile, Whose hearts are bitter while their faces smile

MeaningOne should fear the deceitful who smile sweetly with their face but never love with their heart

825

மனத்தின் அமையா தவரை எனைத்தொன்றும்
சொல்லினால் தேறற்பாற்று அன்று.

Manaththin Amaiyaa Thavarai Enaiththondrum
Sollinaal Therarpaatru Andru

Pope (1886)When minds are not in unison, 'its never; just, In any words men speak to put your trust

MeaningIn nothing whatever is it proper to rely on the words of those who do not love with their heart

826

நட்டார்போல் நல்லவை சொல்லினும் ஒட்டார்சொல்
ஒல்லை உணரப் படும்.

Nattaarpol Nallavai Sollinum Ottaarsol
Ollai Unarap Patum

Pope (1886)Though many goodly words they speak in friendly tone, The words of foes will speedily be known

MeaningThough (one's) foes may utter good things as though they were friends, once will at once understand (their evil, import)

827

சொல்வணக்கம் ஒன்னார்கண் கொள்ளற்க வில்வணக்கம்
தீங்கு குறித்தமை யான்.

Solvanakkam Onnaarkan Kollarka Vilvanakkam
Theengu Kuriththamai Yaan

Pope (1886)To pliant speech from hostile lips give thou no ear;'Tis pliant bow that show the deadly peril near

MeaningSince the bending of the bow bespeaks evil, one should not accept (as good) the humiliating speeches of one's foes

828

தொழுதகை யுள்ளும் படையொடுங்கும் ஒன்னார்
அழுதகண் ணீரும் அனைத்து.

Thozhudhakai Yullum Pataiyotungum Onnaar
Azhudhakan Neerum Anaiththu

Pope (1886)In hands that worship weapon ten hidden lies; Such are the tears that fall from foeman's eyes

MeaningA weapon may be hid in the very hands with which (one's) foes adore (him) (and) the tears they shed are of the same nature

829

மிகச்செய்து தம்மெள்ளு வாரை நகச்செய்து
நட்பினுள் சாப்புல்லற் பாற்று.

Mikachcheydhu Thammellu Vaarai Nakachcheydhu
Natpinul Saappullar Paatru

Pope (1886)'Tis just, when men make much of you, and then despise, To make them smile, and slap in friendship's guise

MeaningIt is the duty of kings to affect great love but make it die (inwardly); as regard those foes who shew them great friendship but despise them (in their heart)

830

பகைநட்பாம் காலம் வருங்கால் முகநட்டு
அகநட்பு ஒரீஇ விடல்.

Pakainatpaam Kaalam Varungaal Mukanattu
Akanatpu Oreei Vital

Pope (1886)When time shall come that foes as friends appear, Then thou, to hide a hostile heart, a smiling face may'st wear

MeaningWhen one's foes begin to affect friendship, one should love them with one's looks, and, cherishing no love in the heart, give up (even the former)

84பேதைமை PedhaimaiFolly couplets 831–840

Folly: to grasp loss and let go of gain.

The mind

831key couplet

பேதைமை என்பதொன்று யாதெனின் ஏதங்கொண்டு
ஊதியம் போக விடல்.

Pedhaimai Enpadhondru Yaadhenin Edhangontu
Oodhiyam Poka Vital

Pope (1886)What one thing merits folly's special name.Letting gain go, loss for one's own to claim

MeaningFolly is one (of the chief defects); it is that which (makes one) incur loss and forego gain

Word by word
பேதைமைfolly
என்பதொன்றுthat which is called
யாதெனின்if asked what it is
ஏதங்கொண்டுgrasping loss
ஊதியம்gain
போகletting go
விடல்↳ completes the word before

InsightFolly (pētaimai) is a reversal of values — the Kaṭha’s choice of the pleasant over the good.

832

பேதைமையுள் எல்லாம் பேதைமை காதன்மை
கையல்ல தன்கட் செயல்.

Pedhaimaiyul Ellaam Pedhaimai Kaadhanmai
Kaiyalla Thankat Seyal

Pope (1886)'Mid follies chiefest folly is to fix your loveOn deeds which to your station unbefitting prove

MeaningThe greatest folly is that which leads one to take delight in doing what is forbidden

833

நாணாமை நாடாமை நாரின்மை யாதொன்றும்
பேணாமை பேதை தொழில்

Naanaamai Naataamai Naarinmai Yaadhondrum
Penaamai Pedhai Thozhil

Pope (1886)Ashamed of nothing, searching nothing out, of loveless heart, Nought cherishing, 'tis thus the fool will play his part

MeaningShamelessness indifference (to what must be sought after), harshness, and aversion for everything (that ought to be desired) are the qualities of the fool

834

ஓதி உணர்ந்தும் பிறர்க்குரைத்தும் தானடங்காப்
பேதையின் பேதையார் இல்.

Odhi Unarndhum Pirarkkuraiththum Thaanatangaap
Pedhaiyin Pedhaiyaar Il

Pope (1886)The sacred law he reads and learns, to other men expounds,-Himself obeys not; where can greater fool be found

MeaningThere are no greater fools than he who, though he has read and understood (a great deal) and even taught it to others, does not walk according to his own teaching

835

ஒருமைச் செயலாற்றும் பேதை எழுமையும்
தான்புக் கழுந்தும் அளறு.

Orumaich Cheyalaatrum Pedhai Ezhumaiyum
Thaanpuk Kazhundhum Alaru

Pope (1886)The fool will merit hell in one brief life on earth, In which he entering sinks through sevenfold round of birth

MeaningA fool can procure in a single birth a hell into which he may enter and suffer through all the seven births

836

பொய்படும் ஒன்றோ புனைபூணும் கையறியாப்
பேதை வினைமேற் கொளின்.

Poipatum Ondro Punaipoonum Kaiyariyaap
Pedhai Vinaimer Kolin

Pope (1886)When fool some task attempts with uninstructed pains, It fails; nor that alone, himself he binds with chains

MeaningIf the fool, who knows not how to act undertakes a work, he will (certainly) fail (But) is it all ? He will even adorn himself with fetters

837

ஏதிலார் ஆரத் தமர்பசிப்பர் பேதை
பெருஞ்செல்வம் உற்றக் கடை.

Edhilaar Aarath Thamarpasippar Pedhai
Perunjelvam Utrak Katai

Pope (1886)When fools are blessed with fortune's bounteous store, Their foes feed full, their friends are prey to hunger sore

MeaningIf a fool happens to get an immense fortune, his neighbours will enjoy it while his relations starve

838

மையல் ஒருவன் களித்தற்றால் பேதைதன்
கையொன்று உடைமை பெறின்.

Maiyal Oruvan Kaliththatraal Pedhaidhan
Kaiyondru Utaimai Perin

Pope (1886)When folly's hand grasps wealth's increase, 'twill beAs when a mad man raves in drunken glee

MeaningA fool happening to possess something is like the intoxication of one who is (already) giddy

839

பெரிதினிது பேதையார் கேண்மை பிரிவின்கண்
பீழை தருவதொன் றில்.

Peridhinidhu Pedhaiyaar Kenmai Pirivinkan
Peezhai Tharuvadhon Ril

Pope (1886)Friendship of fools is very pleasant thing, Parting with them will leave behind no sting

MeaningThe friendship between fools is exceedingly delightful (to each other): for at parting there will be

840

கழாஅக்கால் பள்ளியுள் வைத்தற்றால் சான்றோர்
குழாஅத்துப் பேதை புகல்.

Kazhaaakkaal Palliyul Vaiththatraal Saandror
Kuzhaaaththup Pedhai Pukal

Pope (1886)Like him who seeks his couch with unwashed feet, Is fool whose foot intrudes where wise men meet

MeaningThe appearance of a fool in an assembly of the learned is like placing (one's) unwashed feet on a bed

85புல்லறிவாண்மை PullarivaanmaiIgnorance couplets 841–850

Ignorance: want of wisdom is the poverty of poverties.

Learning & wisdom

841key couplet

அறிவின்மை இன்மையுள் இன்மை பிறிதின்மை
இன்மையா வையா துலகு.

Arivinmai Inmaiyul Inmai Piridhinmai
Inmaiyaa Vaiyaa Thulaku

Pope (1886)Want of knowledge, 'mid all wants the sorest want we deem; Want of other things the world will not as want esteem

MeaningThe want of wisdom is the greatest of all wants; but that of wealth the world will not regard as such

Word by word
அறிவின்மைwant of wisdom
இன்மையுள்among wants
இன்மைis want
பிறிதின்மைother wants
இன்மையாas want
வையாdoes not count
துலகுthe world

InsightLack of wisdom is the only true poverty — material poverty the world does not count as such.

842

அறிவிலான் நெஞ்சுவந்து ஈதல் பிறிதியாதும்
இல்லை பெறுவான் தவம்.

Arivilaan Nenjuvandhu Eedhal Piridhiyaadhum
Illai Peruvaan Thavam

Pope (1886)The gift of foolish man, with willing heart bestowed, is nought, But blessing by receiver's penance bought

Meaning(The cause of) a fool cheerfully giving (something) is nothing else but the receiver's merit (in a former birth)

843

அறிவிலார் தாந்தம்மைப் பீழிக்கும் பீழை
செறுவார்க்கும் செய்தல் அரிது.

Arivilaar Thaandhammaip Peezhikkum Peezhai
Seruvaarkkum Seydhal Aridhu

Pope (1886)With keener anguish foolish men their own hearts wring, Than aught that even malice of their foes can bring

MeaningThe suffering that fools inflict upon themselves is hardly possible even to foes

844

வெண்மை எனப்படுவ தியாதெனின் ஒண்மை
உடையம்யாம் என்னும் செருக்கு.

Venmai Enappatuva Thiyaadhenin Onmai
Utaiyamyaam Ennum Serukku

Pope (1886)What is stupidity? The arrogance that cries,'Behold, we claim the glory of the wise.'

MeaningWhat is called want of wisdom is the vanity which says, "We are wise"

845

கல்லாத மேற்கொண் டொழுகல் கசடற
வல்லதூஉம் ஐயம் தரும்.

Kallaadha Merkon Tozhukal Kasatara
Valladhooum Aiyam Tharum

Pope (1886)If men what they have never learned assume to know, Upon their real learning's power a doubt 'twill throw

MeaningFools pretending to know what has not been read (by them) will rouse suspicion even as to what they have thoroughly mastered

846

அற்றம் மறைத்தலோ புல்லறிவு தம்வயின்
குற்றம் மறையா வழி.

Atram Maraiththalo Pullarivu Thamvayin
Kutram Maraiyaa Vazhi

Pope (1886)Fools are they who their nakedness conceal, And yet their faults unveiled reveal

MeaningEven to cover one's nakedness would be folly, if (one's) faults were not covered (by forsaking them)

847

அருமறை சோரும் அறிவிலான் செய்யும்
பெருமிறை தானே தனக்கு.

Arumarai Sorum Arivilaan Seyyum
Perumirai Thaane Thanakku

Pope (1886)From out his soul who lets the mystic teachings die, Entails upon himself abiding misery

MeaningThe fool who neglects precious counsel does, of his own accord, a great injury to himself

848

ஏவவும் செய்கலான் தான்தேறான் அவ்வுயிர்
போஒம் அளவுமோர் நோய்.

Evavum Seykalaan Thaandheraan Avvuyir
Poom Alavumor Noi

Pope (1886)Advised, he heeds not; of himself knows nothing wise; This man's whole life is all one plague until he dies

MeaningThe fool will not perform (his duties) even when advised nor ascertain them himself; such a soul is a

849

காணாதான் காட்டுவான் தான்காணான் காணாதான்
கண்டானாம் தான்கண்ட வாறு.

Kaanaadhaan Kaattuvaan Thaankaanaan Kaanaadhaan
Kantaanaam Thaankanta Vaaru

Pope (1886)That man is blind to eyes that will not see who knowledge shows;-The blind man still in his blind fashion knows

MeaningOne who would teach a fool will (simply) betray his folly; and the fool would (still) think himself "wise in his own conceit"

850

உலகத்தார் உண்டென்பது இல்லென்பான் வையத்து
அலகையா வைக்கப் படும்.

Ulakaththaar Untenpadhu Illenpaan Vaiyaththu
Alakaiyaa Vaikkap Patum

Pope (1886)Who what the world affirms as false proclaim, O'er all the earth receive a demon's name

MeaningHe who denies the existence of what the world believes in will be regarded as a demon on earth

86இகல் IkalHostility couplets 851–860

Hostility: enmity is a disease that destroys good qualities in all beings.

The mindAnger

851key couplet

இகலென்ப எல்லா உயிர்க்கும் பகலென்னும்
பண்பின்மை பாரிக்கும் நோய்.

Ikalenpa Ellaa Uyirkkum Pakalennum
Panpinmai Paarikkum Noi

Pope (1886)Hostility disunion's plague will bring, That evil quality, to every living thing

MeaningThe disease which fosters the evil of disunion among all creatures is termed hatred by the wise

Word by word
இகலென்பhostility, they say
எல்லாto all
உயிர்க்கும்living beings
பகலென்னும்division called
பண்பின்மைthe absence of good nature
பாரிக்கும்spreading
நோய்disease

InsightHatred as a disease that spreads disunity — a psychology of conflict.

852

பகல்கருதிப் பற்றா செயினும் இகல்கருதி
இன்னாசெய் யாமை தலை.

Pakalkarudhip Patraa Seyinum Ikalkarudhi
Innaasey Yaamai Thalai

Pope (1886)Though men disunion plan, and do thee much despite'Tis best no enmity to plan, nor evil deeds requite

MeaningThough disagreeable things may be done from (a feeling of) disunion, it is far better that nothing painful be done from (that of) hatred

853

இகலென்னும் எவ்வநோய் நீக்கின் தவலில்லாத்
தாவில் விளக்கம் தரும்.

Ikalennum Evvanoi Neekkin Thavalillaath
Thaavil Vilakkam Tharum

Pope (1886)If enmity, that grievous plague, you shun, Endless undying praises shall be won

MeaningTo rid one-self of the distressing dtsease of hatred will bestow (on one) a never-decreasing imperishable fame

854

இன்பத்துள் இன்பம் பயக்கும் இகலென்னும்
துன்பத்துள் துன்பங் கெடின்.

Inpaththul Inpam Payakkum Ikalennum
Thunpaththul Thunpang Ketin

Pope (1886)Joy of joys abundant grows, When malice dies that woe of woes

MeaningIf hatred which is the greatest misery is destroyed, it will yield the greatest delight

855

இகலெதிர் சாய்ந்தொழுக வல்லாரை யாரே
மிக்லூக்கும் தன்மை யவர்.

Ikaledhir Saaindhozhuka Vallaarai Yaare
Mikalookkum Thanmai Yavar

Pope (1886)If men from enmity can keep their spirits free, Who over them shall gain the victory

MeaningWho indeed would think of conquering those who naturally shrink back from hatred ?

856

இகலின் மிகலினிது என்பவன் வாழ்க்கை
தவலும் கெடலும் நணித்து.

Ikalin Mikalinidhu Enpavan Vaazhkkai
Thavalum Ketalum Naniththu

Pope (1886)The life of those who cherished enmity hold dear, To grievous fault and utter death is near

MeaningFailure and ruin are not far from him who says it is sweet to excel in hatred

857

மிகல்மேவல் மெய்ப்பொருள் காணார் இகல்மேவல்
இன்னா அறிவி னவர்.

Mikalmeval Meypporul Kaanaar Ikalmeval
Innaa Arivi Navar

Pope (1886)The very truth that greatness gives their eyes can never see, Who only know to work men woe, fulfilled of enmity

MeaningWho only know to work men woe, fulfilled of enmity

858

இகலிற்கு எதிர்சாய்தல் ஆக்கம் அதனை
மிக்லூக்கின் ஊக்குமாம் கேடு.

Ikalirku Edhirsaaidhal Aakkam Adhanai
Mikalookkin Ookkumaam Ketu

Pope (1886)'Tis gain to turn the soul from enmity; Ruin reigns where this hath mastery

MeaningShrinking back from hatred will yield wealth; indulging in its increase will hasten ruin

859

இகல்காணான் ஆக்கம் வருங்கால் அதனை
மிகல்காணும் கேடு தரற்கு.

Ikalkaanaan Aakkam Varungaal Adhanai
Mikalkaanum Ketu Thararku

Pope (1886)Men think not hostile thought in fortune's favouring hour, They cherish enmity when in misfortune's power

MeaningAt the approach of wealth one will not think of hatred (but) to secure one's ruin, one will look to its increase

860

இகலானாம் இன்னாத எல்லாம் நகலானாம்
நன்னயம் என்னும் செருக்கு.

Ikalaanaam Innaadha Ellaam Nakalaanaam
Nannayam Ennum Serukku

Pope (1886)From enmity do all afflictive evils flow; But friendliness doth wealth of kindly good bestow

MeaningAll calamities are caused by hatred; but by the delight (of friendship) is caused the great wealth of good virtues

87பகை மாட்சி PakaimaatchiThe Might of Hatred couplets 861–870

The strength of enmity: avoid contending with the strong; but do not spare the weak in wickedness.

Army & defence

861key couplet

வலியார்க்கு மாறேற்றல் ஓம்புக ஓம்பா
மெலியார்மேல் மேக பகை.

Valiyaarkku Maaretral Ompuka Ompaa
Meliyaarmel Meka Pakai

Pope (1886)With stronger than thyself, turn from the strife away; With weaker shun not, rather court the fray

MeaningAvoid offering resistance to the strong; (but) never fail to cherish enmity towards the weak

Word by word
வலியார்க்குwith the strong
மாறேற்றல்opposition
ஓம்புகavoid
ஓம்பாnot avoid
மெலியார்மேல்on the weak
மேகpursue
பகைenmity

InsightStrategic prudence in conflict.

862

அன்பிலன் ஆன்ற துணையிலன் தான்துவ்வான்
என்பரியும் ஏதிலான் துப்பு.

Anpilan Aandra Thunaiyilan Thaandhuvvaan
Enpariyum Edhilaan Thuppu

Pope (1886)No kinsman's love, no strength of friends has he; How can he bear his foeman's enmity

MeaningHow can he who is unloving, destitute of powerful aids, and himself without strength overcome the might of his foe ?

863

அஞ்சும் அறியான் அமைவிலன் ஈகலான்
தஞ்சம் எளியன் பகைக்கு.

Anjum Ariyaan Amaivilan Eekalaan
Thanjam Eliyan Pakaikku

Pope (1886)A craven thing! knows nought, accords with none, gives nought away; To wrath of any foe he falls an easy prey

MeaningIn the estimation of foes miserably weak is he, who is timid, ignorant, unsociable and niggardly

864

நீங்கான் வெகுளி நிறையிலன் எஞ்ஞான்றும்
யாங்கணும் யார்க்கும் எளிது.

Neengaan Vekuli Niraiyilan Egngnaandrum
Yaanganum Yaarkkum Elidhu

Pope (1886)His wrath still blazes, every secret told; each dayThis man's in every place to every foe an easy prey

MeaningHe who neither refrains from anger nor keeps his secrets will at all times and in all places be easily conquered by all

865

வழிநோக்கான் வாய்ப்பன செய்யான் பழிநோக்கான்
பண்பிலன் பற்றார்க்கு இனிது.

Vazhinokkaan Vaaippana Seyyaan Pazhinokkaan
Panpilan Patraarkku Inidhu

Pope (1886)No way of right he scans, no precepts bind, no crimes affright, No grace of good he owns; such man's his foes' delight

Meaning(A) pleasing (object) to his foes is he who reads not moral works, does nothing that is enjoined by them cares not for reproach and is not possessed of good qualities

866

காணாச் சினத்தான் கழிபெருங் காமத்தான்
பேணாமை பேணப் படும்.

Kaanaach Chinaththaan Kazhiperung Kaamaththaan
Penaamai Penap Patum

Pope (1886)Blind in his rage, his lustful passions rage and swell; If such a man mislikes you, like it well

MeaningHighly to be desired is the hatred of him whose anger is blind, and whose lust increases beyond measure

867

கொடுத்தும் கொளல்வேண்டும் மன்ற அடுத்திருந்து
மாணாத செய்வான் பகை.

Kotuththum Kolalventum Mandra Atuththirundhu
Maanaadha Seyvaan Pakai

Pope (1886)Unseemly are his deeds, yet proffering aid, the man draws nigh:His hate- 'tis cheap at any price- be sure to buy

MeaningIt is indeed necessary to obtain even by purchase the hatred of him who having begun (a work) does what is not conductive (to its accomplishment)

868

குணனிலனாய்க் குற்றம் பலவாயின் மாற்றார்க்கு
இனனிலனாம் ஏமாப் புடைத்து.

Kunanilanaaik Kutram Palavaayin Maatraarkku
Inanilanaam Emaap Putaiththu

Pope (1886)No gracious gifts he owns, faults many cloud his fame; His foes rejoice, for none with kindred claim

MeaningHe will become friendless who is without (any good) qualities and whose faults are many; (such a character) is a help to (his) foes

869

செறுவார்க்குச் சேணிகவா இன்பம் அறிவிலா
அஞ்சும் பகைவர்ப் பெறின்.

Seruvaarkkuch Chenikavaa Inpam Arivilaa
Anjum Pakaivarp Perin

Pope (1886)The joy of victory is never far removed from thoseWho've luck to meet with ignorant and timid foes

MeaningThere will be no end of lofty delights to the victorious, if their foes are (both) ignorant and timid

870

கல்லான் வெகுளும் சிறுபொருள் எஞ்ஞான்றும்
ஒல்லானை ஒல்லா தொளி.

Kallaan Vekulum Siruporul Egngnaandrum
Ollaanai Ollaa Tholi

Pope (1886)The task of angry war with men unlearned in virtue's loreWho will not meet, glory shall meet him never more

MeaningThe light (of fame) will never be gained by him who gains not the trifling reputation of having fought an unlearned (foe)

88பகைத்திறம் தெரிதல் PakaiththirandheridhalKnowing the Quality of Hate couplets 871–880

Knowing enmity: hatred is not to be desired even in jest.

The mind

871key couplet

பகைஎன்னும் பண்பி லதனை ஒருவன்
நகையேயும் வேண்டற்பாற்று அன்று.

Pakaiennum Panpi Ladhanai Oruvan
Nakaiyeyum Ventarpaatru Andru

Pope (1886)For Hate, that ill-conditioned thing not e'en in jestLet any evil longing rule your breast

MeaningThe evil of hatred is not of a nature to be desired by one even in sport

Word by word
பகைஎன்னும்enmity called
பண்பிwithout virtue
லதனைit
ஒருவன்for a person
நகையேயும்even in sport
வேண்டற்பாற்றுis not fit to be desired
அன்று↳ completes the word before

InsightEven playful hostility plants a seed.

872

வில்லேர் உழவர் பகைகொளினும் கொள்ளற்க
சொல்லேர் உழவர் பகை.

Viller Uzhavar Pakaikolinum Kollarka
Soller Uzhavar Pakai

Pope (1886)Although you hate incur of those whose ploughs are bows, Make not the men whose ploughs are words your foes

MeaningThough you may incur the hatred of warriors whose ploughs are bows, incur not that of ministers whose ploughs are words

873

ஏமுற் றவரினும் ஏழை தமியனாய்ப்
பல்லார் பகைகொள் பவன்.

Emur Ravarinum Ezhai Thamiyanaaip
Pallaar Pakaikol Pavan

Pope (1886)Than men of mind diseased, a wretch more utterly forlorn, Is he who stands alone, object of many foeman's scorn

MeaningHe who being alone, incurs the hatred of many is more infatuated than even mad men

874

பகைநட்பாக் கொண்டொழுகும் பண்புடை யாளன்
தகைமைக்கண் தங்கிற்று உலகு.

Pakainatpaak Kontozhukum Panputai Yaalan
Thakaimaikkan Thangitru Ulaku

Pope (1886)The world secure on his dexterity depends, Whose worthy rule can change his foes to friends

MeaningWhose worthy rule can change his foes to friends

875

தன்துணை இன்றால் பகையிரண்டால் தான்ஒருவன்
இன்துணையாக் கொள்கவற்றின் ஒன்று.

Thandhunai Indraal Pakaiyirantaal Thaanoruvan
Indhunaiyaak Kolkavatrin Ondru

Pope (1886)Without ally, who fights with twofold enemy o'ermatched, Must render one of these a friend attached

MeaningHe who is alone and helpless while his foes are two should secure one of them as an agreeable help (to himself)

876

தேறினும் தேறா விடினும் அழிவின்கண்
தேறான் பகாஅன் விடல்.

Therinum Theraa Vitinum Azhivinkan
Theraan Pakaaan Vital

Pope (1886)Whether you trust or not, in time of sore distress, Questions of diff'rence or agreement cease to press

MeaningThough (one's foe is) aware or not of one's misfortune one should act so as neither to join nor separate (from him)

877

நோவற்க நொந்தது அறியார்க்கு மேவற்க
மென்மை பகைவர் அகத்து.

Novarka Nondhadhu Ariyaarkku Mevarka
Menmai Pakaivar Akaththu

Pope (1886)To those who know them not, complain not of your woes; Nor to your foeman's eyes infirmities disclose

MeaningRelate not your suffering even to friends who are ignorant of it, nor refer to your weakness in the presence of your foes

878

வகையறிந்து தற்செய்து தற்காப்ப மாயும்
பகைவர்கண் பட்ட செருக்கு.

Vakaiyarindhu Tharseydhu Tharkaappa Maayum
Pakaivarkan Patta Serukku

Pope (1886)Know thou the way, then do thy part, thyself defend; Thus shall the pride of those that hate thee have an end

MeaningThe joy of one's foes will be destroyed if one guards oneself by knowing the way (of acting) and securing assistance

879

இளைதாக முள்மரம் கொல்க களையுநர்
கைகொல்லும் காழ்த்த இடத்து.

Ilaidhaaka Mulmaram Kolka Kalaiyunar
Kaikollum Kaazhththa Itaththu

Pope (1886)Destroy the thorn, while tender point can work thee no offence; Matured by time, 'twill pierce the hand that plucks it thence

MeaningA thorny tree should be felled while young, (for) when it is grown it will destroy the hand of the feller

880

உயிர்ப்ப உளரல்லர் மன்ற செயிர்ப்பவர்
செம்மல் சிதைக்கலா தார்.

Uyirppa Ularallar Mandra Seyirppavar
Semmal Sidhaikkalaa Thaar

Pope (1886)But breathe upon them, and they surely die, Who fail to tame the pride of angry enemy

MeaningThose who do not destroy the pride of those who hate (them) will certainly not exist even to breathe

89உட்பகை UtpakaiEnmity within couplets 881–890

Enmity within: shade and water are bad if they harm; so is kin who hurts.

Home & familySociety

881key couplet

நிழல்நீரும் இன்னாத இன்னா தமர்நீரும்
இன்னாவாம் இன்னா செயின்.

Nizhalneerum Innaadha Innaa Thamarneerum
Innaavaam Innaa Seyin

Pope (1886)Water and shade, if they unwholesome prove, will bring you painAnd qualities of friends who treacherous act, will be your bane

MeaningShade and water are not pleasant, (if) they cause disease; so are the qualities of (one's) relations not agreeable, (if) they cause pain

Word by word
நிழல்நீரும்shade and water
இன்னாதare not pleasant
இன்னாif harmful
தமர்நீரும்kin’s qualities
இன்னாவாம்unpleasant
இன்னாare
செயின்if they hurt

InsightHidden enmity among one’s own is the worst — Vibhīṣaṇa and Rāvaṇa, the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas.

882

வாள்போல பகைவரை அஞ்சற்க அஞ்சுக
கேள்போல் பகைவர் தொடர்பு.

Vaalpola Pakaivarai Anjarka Anjuka
Kelpol Pakaivar Thotarpu

Pope (1886)Dread not the foes that as drawn swords appear; Friendship of foes, who seem like kinsmen, fear

MeaningFear not foes (who say they would cut) like a sword; (but) fear the friendship of foes (who seemingly

883

உட்பகை அஞ்சித்தற் காக்க உலைவிடத்து
மட்பகையின் மாணத் தெறும்.

Utpakai Anjiththar Kaakka Ulaivitaththu
Matpakaiyin Maanath Therum

Pope (1886)Of hidden hate beware, and guard thy life; In troublous time 'twill deeper wound than potter's knife

MeaningFear internal enmity and guard yourself; (if not) it will destroy (you) in an evil hour, as surely as the tool which cuts the potter's clay

884

மனமாணா உட்பகை தோன்றின் இனமாணா
ஏதம் பலவும் தரும்.

Manamaanaa Utpakai Thondrin Inamaanaa
Edham Palavum Tharum

Pope (1886)If secret enmities arise that minds pervert, Then even kin unkind will work thee grievous hurt

MeaningThe secret enmity of a person whose mind in unreformed will lead to many evils causing disaffection among (one's) relations

885

உறல்முறையான் உட்பகை தோன்றின் இறல்முறையான்
ஏதம் பலவும் தரும்.

Uralmuraiyaan Utpakai Thondrin Iralmuraiyaan
Edham Palavum Tharum

Pope (1886)Amid one's relatives if hidden hath arise,'Twill hurt inflict in deadly wise

MeaningIf there appears internal hatred in a (king's) family; it will lead to many a fatal crime

886

ஒன்றாமை ஒன்றியார் கட்படின் எஞ்ஞான்றும்
பொன்றாமை ஒன்றல் அரிது.

Ondraamai Ondriyaar Katpatin Egngnaandrum
Pondraamai Ondral Aridhu

Pope (1886)If discord finds a place midst those who dwelt at one before,'Tis ever hard to keep destruction from the door

MeaningIf hatred arises among (one's) own people, it will be hardly possible (for one) to escape death

887

செப்பின் புணர்ச்சிபோல் கூடினும் கூடாதே
உட்பகை உற்ற குடி.

Seppin Punarchchipol Kootinum Kootaadhe
Utpakai Utra Kuti

Pope (1886)As casket with its cover, though in one they live alway, No union to the house where hate concealed hath sway

MeaningNever indeed will a family subject to internal hatred unite (really) though it may present an apparent union like that of a casket and its lid

888

அரம்பொருத பொன்போலத் தேயும் உரம்பொருது
உட்பகை உற்ற குடி.

Aramporudha Ponpolath Theyum Uramporudhu
Utpakai Utra Kuti

Pope (1886)As gold with which the file contends is worn away, So strength of house declines where hate concealed hath sway

MeaningA family subject to internal hatred will wear out and lose its strength like iron that has been filed away

889

எட்பக வன்ன சிறுமைத்தே ஆயினும்
உட்பகை உள்ளதாங் கேடு.

Etpaka Vanna Sirumaiththe Aayinum
Utpakai Ulladhaang Ketu

Pope (1886)Though slight as shred of 'seasame' seed it be, Destruction lurks in hidden enmity

MeaningAlthough internal hatred be as small as the fragment of the sesamum (seed), still does destruction dwell in it

890

உடம்பாடு இலாதவர் வாழ்க்கை குடங்கருள்
பாம்போடு உடனுறைந் தற்று.

Utampaatu Ilaadhavar Vaazhkkai Kutangarul
Paampotu Utanurain Thatru

Pope (1886)Domestic life with those who don't agree, Is dwelling in a shed with snake for company

MeaningLiving with those who do not agree (with one) is like dwelling with a cobra (in the same) hut

90பெரியாரைப் பிழையாமை Periyaaraip PizhaiyaamaiNot Offending the Great couplets 891–900

Not offending the great: not despising the power of the able is the best protection.

Nobility & characterHumility

891key couplet

ஆற்றுவார் ஆற்றல் இகழாமை போற்றுவார்
போற்றலுள் எல்லாம் தலை.

Aatruvaar Aatral Ikazhaamai Potruvaar
Potralul Ellaam Thalai

Pope (1886)The chiefest care of those who guard themselves from ill, Is not to slight the powers of those who work their mighty will

MeaningNot to disregard the power of those who can carry out (their wishes) is more important than all the watchfulness of those who guard (themselves against evil)

Word by word
ஆற்றுவார்of the able
ஆற்றல்the power
இகழாமைnot despising
போற்றுவார்of those who guard
போற்றலுள்↳ completes the word before
எல்லாம்among guards
தலைis highest

InsightRespect for real power and real greatness protects.

892

பெரியாரைப் பேணாது ஒழுகிற் பெரியாரால்
பேரா இடும்பை தரும்.

Periyaaraip Penaadhu Ozhukir Periyaaraal
Peraa Itumpai Tharum

Pope (1886)If men will lead their lives reckless of great men's will, Such life, through great men's powers, will bring perpetual ill

MeaningTo behave without respect for the great (rulers) will make them do (us) irremediable evils

893

கெடல்வேண்டின் கேளாது செய்க அடல்வேண்டின்
ஆற்று பவர்கண் இழுக்கு.

Ketalventin Kelaadhu Seyka Atalventin
Aatru Pavarkan Izhukku

Pope (1886)Who ruin covet let them shut their ears, and do despiteTo those who, where they list to ruin have the might

MeaningIf a person desires ruin, let him not listen to the righteous dictates of law, but commit crimes against those who are able to slay (other sovereigns)

894

கூற்றத்தைக் கையால் விளித்தற்றால் ஆற்றுவார்க்கு
ஆற்றாதார் இன்னா செயல்.

Kootraththaik Kaiyaal Viliththatraal Aatruvaarkku
Aatraadhaar Innaa Seyal

Pope (1886)When powerless man 'gainst men of power will evil deeds essay, Tis beck'ning with the hand for Death to seize them for its prey

MeaningThe weak doing evil to the strong is like beckoning Yama to come (and destroy them)

895

யாண்டுச்சென்று யாண்டும் உளராகார் வெந்துப்பின்
வேந்து செறப்பட் டவர்.

Yaantuch Chendru Yaantum Ularaakaar
Vendhuppin Vendhu Serappat Tavar

Pope (1886)Who dare the fiery wrath of monarchs dread, Where'er they flee, are numbered with the dead

MeaningThose who have incurred the wrath of a cruel and mighty potentate will not prosper wherever they may go

896

எரியால் சுடப்படினும் உய்வுண்டாம் உய்யார்
பெரியார்ப் பிழைத்தொழுகு வார்.

Eriyaal Sutappatinum Uyvuntaam Uyyaar
Periyaarp Pizhaiththozhuku Vaar

Pope (1886)Though in the conflagration caught, he may escape from thence:He 'scapes not who in life to great ones gives offence

MeaningThough burnt by a fire (from a forest), one may perhaps live; (but) never will he live who has shown disrespect to the great (devotees)

897

வகைமாண்ட வாழ்க்கையும் வான்பொருளும் என்னாம்
தகைமாண்ட தக்கார் செறின்.

Vakaimaanta Vaazhkkaiyum Vaanporulum Ennaam
Thakaimaanta Thakkaar Serin

Pope (1886)Though every royal gift, and stores of wealth your life should crown, What are they, if the worthy men of mighty virtue frown

MeaningIf a king incurs the wrath of the righteous great, what will become of his government with its splendid auxiliaries and (all) its untold wealth ?

898

குன்றன்னார் குன்ற மதிப்பின் குடியொடு
நின்றன்னார் மாய்வர் நிலத்து.

Kundrannaar Kundra Madhippin Kutiyotu
Nindrannaar Maaivar Nilaththu

Pope (1886)If they, whose virtues like a mountain rise, are light esteemed; They die from earth who, with their households, ever-during seemed

MeaningIf (the) hill-like (devotees) resolve on destruction, those who seemed to be everlasting will be destroyed root and branch from the earth

899

ஏந்திய கொள்கையார் சீறின் இடைமுரிந்து
வேந்தனும் வேந்து கெடும்.

Endhiya Kolkaiyaar Seerin Itaimurindhu
Vendhanum Vendhu Ketum

Pope (1886)When blazes forth the wrath of men of lofty fame, Kings even fall from high estate and perish in the flame

MeaningKings even fall from high estate and perish in the flame

900

இறந்தமைந்த சார்புடையர் ஆயினும் உய்யார்
சிறந்தமைந்த சீரார் செறின்.

Irandhamaindha Saarputaiyar Aayinum Uyyaar
Sirandhamaindha Seeraar Serin

Pope (1886)Though all-surpassing wealth of aid the boast, If men in glorious virtue great are wrath, they're lost

MeaningThough in possession of numerous auxiliaries, they will perish who are-exposed to the wrath of the noble whose penance is boundless

91பெண்வழிச் சேறல் PenvazhichcheralBeing led by Women couplets 901–910

Being led by one’s wife: the man who neglects duty for infatuation loses greatness.

Home & family

901key couplet

மனைவிழைவார் மாண்பயன் எய்தார் வினைவிழையார்
வேண்டாப் பொருளும் அது.

Manaivizhaivaar Maanpayan Eydhaar Vinaivizhaiyaar
Ventaap Porulum Adhu

Pope (1886)Who give their soul to love of wife acquire not nobler gain; Who give their soul to strenuous deeds such meaner joys disdain

MeaningThose who lust after their wives will not attain the excellence of virtue; and it is just this that is not desired by those who are bent on acquiring wealth

Word by word
மனைவிழைவார்those who dote on wives
மாண்பயன்great fruit
எய்தார்do not attain
வினைவிழையார்those who seek action
வேண்டாப்unwanted
பொருளும்thing
அதுis that

InsightValluvar warns against passion that eclipses duty — read today as a warning against any attachment that overrides dharma.

902

பேணாது பெண்விழைவான் ஆக்கம் பெரியதோர்
நாணாக நாணுத் தரும்.

Penaadhu Penvizhaivaan Aakkam Periyadhor
Naanaaka Naanuth Tharum

Pope (1886)Who gives himself to love of wife, careless of noble nameHis wealth will clothe him with o'erwhelming shame

MeaningThe wealth of him who, regardless (of his manliness), devotes himself to his wife's feminine nature will cause great shame (to ali men) and to himself;

903

இல்லாள்கண் தாழ்ந்த இயல்பின்மை எஞ்ஞான்றும்
நல்லாருள் நாணுத் தரும்.

Illaalkan Thaazhndha Iyalpinmai Egngnaandrum
Nallaarul Naanuth Tharum

Pope (1886)Who to his wife submits, his strange, unmanly moodWill daily bring him shame among the good

MeaningThe frailty that stoops to a wife will always make (her husband) feel ashamed among the good

904

மனையாளை அஞ்சும் மறுமையி லாளன்
வினையாண்மை வீறெய்த லின்று.

Manaiyaalai Anjum Marumaiyi Laalan
Vinaiyaanmai Veereydha Lindru

Pope (1886)No glory crowns e'en manly actions wroughtBy him who dreads his wife, nor gives the other world a thought

MeaningThe undertaking of one, who fears his wife and is therefore destitute of (bliss), will never be applauded

905

இல்லாளை அஞ்சுவான் அஞ்சுமற் றெஞ்ஞான்றும்
நல்லார்க்கு நல்ல செயல்.

Illaalai Anjuvaan Anjumar Regngnaandrum
Nallaarkku Nalla Seyal

Pope (1886)Who quakes before his wife will ever tremble too, Good deeds to men of good deserts to do

MeaningHe that fears his wife will always be afraid of doing good deeds (even) to the good

906

இமையாரின் வாழினும் பாடிலரே இல்லாள்
அமையார்தோள் அஞ்சு பவர்.

Imaiyaarin Vaazhinum Paatilare Illaal
Amaiyaardhol Anju Pavar

Pope (1886)Though, like the demi-gods, in bliss they dwell secure from harm, Those have no dignity who fear the housewife's slender arm

MeaningThey that fear the bamboo-like shoulders of their wives will be destitute of manliness though they may flourish like the Gods

907

பெண்ணேவல் செய்தொழுகும் ஆண்மையின் நாணுடைப்
பெண்ணே பெருமை உடைத்து.

Penneval Seydhozhukum Aanmaiyin Naanutaip
Penne Perumai Utaiththu

Pope (1886)The dignity of modest womanhood excelsHis manliness, obedient to a woman's law who dwells

MeaningEven shame faced womanhood is more to be esteemed than the shameless manhood that performs

908

நட்டார் குறைமுடியார் நன்றாற்றார் நன்னுதலாள்
பெட் டாங்கு ஒழுகு பவர்.

Nattaar Kuraimutiyaar Nandraatraar Nannudhalaal
Pettaangu Ozhuku Pavar

Pope (1886)Who to the will of her with beauteous brow their lives conform, Aid not their friends in need, nor acts of charity perform

MeaningThose who yield to the wishes of their wives will neither relieve the wants of (their) friends nor perform virtuous deeds

909

அறவினையும் ஆன்ற பொருளும் பிறவினையும்
பெண்ஏவல் செய்வார்கண் இல்.

Aravinaiyum Aandra Porulum Piravinaiyum
Peneval Seyvaarkan Il

Pope (1886)No virtuous deed, no seemly wealth, no pleasure, restsWith them who live obedient to their wives' behests

MeaningFrom those who obey the commands of their wives are to be expected neither deeds of virtue, nor those of wealth nor (even) those of pleasure

910

எண்சேர்ந்த நெஞ்சத் திடனுடையார்க்கு எஞ்ஞான்றும்
பெண்சேர்ந்தாம் பேதைமை இல்.

Enserndha Nenjath Thitanutaiyaarkku Egngnaandrum
Penserndhaam Pedhaimai Il

Pope (1886)Where pleasures of the mind, that dwell in realms of thought, abound, Folly, that springs from overweening woman's love, is never found

MeaningThe foolishness that results from devotion to a wife will never be found in those who possess a reflecting mind and a prosperity (flowing) therefrom

92வரைவின் மகளிர் VaraivinmakalirWanton Women couplets 911–920

Wanton women: sweet words bought with money bring disgrace.

Vices to avoid

911key couplet

அன்பின் விழையார் பொருள்விழையும் ஆய்தொடியார்
இன்சொல் இழுக்குத் தரும்.

Anpin Vizhaiyaar Porulvizhaiyum Aaidhotiyaar
Insol Izhukkuth Tharum

Pope (1886)Those that choice armlets wear who seek not thee with love, But seek thy wealth, their pleasant words will ruin prove

MeaningThe sweet words of elegant braceleted (prostitutes) who desire (a man) not from affection but from avarice, will cause sorrow

Word by word
அன்பின்not out of love
விழையார்desiring
பொருள்விழையும்wealth desiring
ஆய்தொடியார்bangled women
இன்சொல்sweet words
இழுக்குத்disgrace
தரும்will bring

InsightLove that is bought is not love — the chapter warns against all mercenary relationships.

912

பயன்தூக்கிப் பண்புரைக்கும் பண்பின் மகளிர்
நயன்தூக்கி நள்ளா விடல்.

Payandhookkip Panpuraikkum Panpin Makalir
Nayandhookki Nallaa Vital

Pope (1886)Who weigh the gain, and utter virtuous words with vicious heart, Weighing such women's worth, from their society depart

MeaningOne must ascertain the character of the ill-natured women who after ascertaining the wealth (of a man) speak (as if they were) good natured-ones, and avoid intercourse (with them)

913

பொருட்பெண்டிர் பொய்ம்மை முயக்கம் இருட்டறையில்
ஏத஧ல் பிணந்தழீஇ அற்று.

Porutpentir Poimmai Muyakkam Iruttaraiyil
Edhil Pinandhazheei Atru

Pope (1886)As one in darkened room, some stranger corpse inarms, Is he who seeks delight in mercenary women's charms

MeaningThe false embraces of wealth-loving women are like (hired men) embracing a strange corpse in a dark room

914

பொருட்பொருளார் புன்னலந் தோயார் அருட்பொருள்
ஆயும் அறிவி னவர்.

Porutporulaar Punnalan Thoyaar Arutporul
Aayum Arivi Navar

Pope (1886)Their worthless charms, whose only weal is wealth of gain, From touch of these the wise, who seek the wealth of grace, abstain

MeaningThe wise who seek the wealth of grace will not desire the base favours of those who regard wealth (and not pleasure) as (their) riches

915

பொதுநலத்தார் புன்னலம் தோயார் மதிநலத்தின்
மாண்ட அறிவி னவர்.

Podhunalaththaar Punnalam Thoyaar Madhinalaththin
Maanta Arivi Navar

Pope (1886)From contact with their worthless charms, whose charms to all are free, The men with sense of good and lofty wisdom blest will flee;

MeaningThose whose knowledge is made excellent by their (natural) sense will not covet the trffling delights

916

தந்நலம் பாரிப்பார் தோயார் தகைசெருக்கிப்
புன்னலம் பாரிப்பார் தோள்.

Thannalam Paarippaar Thoyaar Thakaiserukkip
Punnalam Paarippaar Thol

Pope (1886)From touch of those who worthless charms, with wanton arts, display, The men who would their own true good maintain will turn away

MeaningThose who would spread (the fame of) their own goodness will not desire the shoulders of those, who rejoice in their accomplishments and bestow their despicable favours (on all who pay)

917

நிறைநெஞ்சம் இல்லவர் தோய்வார் பிறநெஞ்சிற்
பேணிப் புணர்பவர் தோள்.

Nirainenjam Illavar Thoivaar Piranenjir
Penip Punarpavar Thol

Pope (1886)Who cherish alien thoughts while folding in their feigned embrace, These none approach save those devoid of virtue's grace

MeaningThose who are destitute of a perfectly (reformed) mind will covet the shoulders of those who embrace (them) while their hearts covet other things

918

ஆயும் அறிவினர் அல்லார்க்கு அணங்கென்ப
மாய மகளிர் முயக்கு.

Aayum Arivinar Allaarkku Anangenpa
Maaya Makalir Muyakku

Pope (1886)As demoness who lures to ruin woman's treacherous loveTo men devoid of wisdom's searching power will prove

MeaningThe wise say that to such as are destitute of discerning sense the embraces of faithless women are (as ruinous as those of) the celestail female

919

வரைவிலா மாணிழையார் மென்தோள் புரையிலாப்
பூரியர்கள் ஆழும் அளறு.

Varaivilaa Maanizhaiyaar Mendhol Puraiyilaap
Pooriyarkal Aazhum Alaru

Pope (1886)The wanton's tender arm, with gleaming jewels decked, Is hell, where sink degraded souls of men abject

MeaningThe delicate shoulders of prostitutes with excellent jewels are a hell into which are plunged the ignorant base

920

இருமனப் பெண்டிரும் கள்ளும் கவறும்
திருநீக்கப் பட்டார் தொடர்பு.

Irumanap Pentirum Kallum Kavarum
Thiruneekkap Pattaar Thotarpu

Pope (1886)Women of double minds, strong drink, and dice; to these giv'n o'er, Are those on whom the light of Fortune shines no more

MeaningTreacherous women, liquor, and gambling are the associates of such as have forsaken by Fortune

93கள்ளுண்ணாமை KallunnaamaiNot Drinking Palm-Wine couplets 921–930

Not drinking: the drunkard loses respect and radiance.

Vices to avoidSelf-control

921key couplet

உட்கப் படாஅர் ஒளியிழப்பர் எஞ்ஞான்றும்
கட்காதல் கொண்டொழுகு வார்.

Utkap Pataaar Oliyizhappar Egngnaandrum
Katkaadhal Kontozhuku Vaar

Pope (1886)Who love the palm's intoxicating juice, each day, No rev'rence they command, their glory fades away

MeaningThose who always thirst after drink will neither inspire fear (in others) nor retain the light (of their fame)

Word by word
உட்கப்not feared
படாஅர்↳ completes the word before
ஒளியிழப்பர்lose their lustre
எஞ்ஞான்றும்at all times
கட்காதல்love of toddy
கொண்டொழுகுhaving
வார்those who live

InsightIntoxication darkens the mind — the opposite of the clarity (sattva) Vedānta prizes.

922

உண்ணற்க கள்ளை உணில்உண்க சான்றோரான்
எண்ணப் படவேண்டா தார்.

Unnarka Kallai Unilunka Saandroraan
Ennap Pataventaa Thaar

Pope (1886)Drink not inebriating draught Let him count well the costWho drinks, by drinking, all good men's esteem is lost

MeaningLet no liquor be drunk; if it is desired, let it be drunk by those who care not for esteem of the great

923

ஈன்றாள் முகத்தேயும் இன்னாதால் என்மற்றுச்
சான்றோர் முகத்துக் களி.

Eendraal Mukaththeyum Innaadhaal Enmatruch
Chaandror Mukaththuk Kali

Pope (1886)The drunkard's joy is sorrow to his mother's eyes; What must it be in presence of the truly wise

MeaningIntoxication is painful even in the presence of (one's) mother; what will it not then be in that of the wise ?

924

நாண்என்னும் நல்லாள் புறங்கொடுக்கும் கள்ளென்னும்
பேணாப் பெருங்குற்றத் தார்க்கு.

Naanennum Nallaal Purangotukkum Kallennum
Penaap Perungutrath Thaarkku

Pope (1886)Shame, goodly maid, will turn her back for aye on themWho sin the drunkard's grievous sin, that all condemn

MeaningThe fair maid of modesty will turn her back on those who are guilty of the great and abominable crime of drunkenness

925

கையறி யாமை உடைத்தே பொருள்கொடுத்து
மெய்யறி யாமை கொளல்.

Kaiyari Yaamai Utaiththe Porulkotuththu
Meyyari Yaamai Kolal

Pope (1886)With gift of goods who self-oblivion buys, Is ignorant of all that man should prize

MeaningTo give money and purchase unconsciousness is the result of one's ignorance of (one's own actions)

926

துஞ்சினார் செத்தாரின் வேறல்லர் எஞ்ஞான்றும்
நஞ்சுண்பார் கள்ளுண் பவர்.

Thunjinaar Seththaarin Verallar Egngnaandrum
Nanjunpaar Kallun Pavar

Pope (1886)Sleepers are as the dead, no otherwise they seem; Who drink intoxicating draughts, they poison quaff, we deem

MeaningThey that sleep resemble the deed; (likewise) they that drink are no other than poison-eaters

927

உள்ளொற்றி உள்ளூர் நகப்படுவர் எஞ்ஞான்றும்
கள்ளொற்றிக் கண்சாய் பவர்

Ullotri Ulloor Nakappatuvar Egngnaandrum
Kallotrik Kansaai Pavar

Pope (1886)Who turn aside to drink, and droop their heavy eye, Shall be their townsmen's jest, when they the fault espy

MeaningThose who always intoxicate themselves by a private (indulgence in) drink; will have their secrets detected and laughed at by their fellow-townsmen

928

களித்தறியேன் என்பது கைவிடுக நெஞ்சத்து
ஒளித்ததூஉம் ஆங்கே மிகும்.

Kaliththariyen Enpadhu Kaivituka Nenjaththu
Oliththadhooum Aange Mikum

Pope (1886)No more in secret drink, and then deny thy hidden fraud; What in thy mind lies hid shall soon be known abroad

MeaningLet (the drunkard) give up saying "I have never drunk"; (for) the moment (he drinks) he will simply betray his former attempt to conceal

929

களித்தானைக் காரணம் காட்டுதல் கீழ்நீர்க்
குளித்தானைத் தீத்துரீஇ அற்று.

Kaliththaanaik Kaaranam Kaattudhal Keezhneerk
Kuliththaanaith Theeththureei Atru

Pope (1886)Like him who, lamp in hand, would seek one sunk beneath the waveIs he who strives to sober drunken man with reasonings grave

MeaningReasoning with a drunkard is like going under water with a torch in search of a drowned man

930

கள்ளுண்ணாப் போழ்திற் களித்தானைக் காணுங்கால்
உள்ளான்கொல் உண்டதன் சோர்வு.

Kallunnaap Pozhdhir Kaliththaanaik Kaanungaal
Ullaankol Untadhan Sorvu

Pope (1886)When one, in sober interval, a drunken man espies, Does he not think, 'Such is my folly in my revelries'

MeaningWhen (a drunkard) who is sober sees one who is not, it looks as if he remembered not the evil effects of his (own) drink

94சூது SoodhuGambling couplets 931–940

Gambling: winnings are like the bait a fish swallows with the hook.

Vices to avoid

931key couplet

வேண்டற்க வென்றிடினும் சூதினை வென்றதூஉம்
தூண்டிற்பொன் மீன்விழுங்கி அற்று.

Ventarka Vendritinum Soodhinai Vendradhooum
Thoontirpon Meenvizhungi Atru

Pope (1886)Seek not the gamester's play; though you should win, Your gain is as the baited hook the fish takes in

MeaningThough able to win, let not one desire gambling; (for) even what is won is like a fish swallowing the iron in fish-hook

Word by word
வேண்டற்கdesire not
வென்றிடினும்even if you win
சூதினைgambling
வென்றதூஉம்what is won
தூண்டிற்பொன்hook’s bait
மீன்விழுங்கிa fish swallowing
அற்றுis like

InsightThe Mahābhārata’s dice game in one image.

932

ஒன்றெய்தி நூறிழக்கும் சூதர்க்கும் உண்டாங்கொல்
நன்றெய்தி வாழ்வதோர் ஆறு.

Ondreydhi Noorizhakkum Soodharkkum Untaangol
Nandreydhi Vaazhvadhor Aaru

Pope (1886)Is there for gamblers, too, that gaining one a hundred lose, some wayThat they may good obtain, and see a prosperous day

MeaningThat they may good obtain, and see a prosperous day? Is there indeed a means of livelihood that can bestow happiness on gamblers who gain one and lose a hundred?

933

உருளாயம் ஓவாது கூறின் பொருளாயம்
போஒய்ப் புறமே படும்.

Urulaayam Ovaadhu Koorin Porulaayam
Pooip Purame Patum

Pope (1886)If prince unceasing speak of nought but play, Treasure and revenue will pass from him away

MeaningIf the king is incessantly addicted to the rolling dice in the hope of gain, his wealth and the resources thereof will take their departure and fall into other's hands

934

சிறுமை பலசெய்து சீரழக்கும் சூதின்
வறுமை தருவதொன்று இல்.

Sirumai Palaseydhu Seerazhikkum Soodhin
Varumai Tharuvadhondru Il

Pope (1886)Gaming brings many woes, and ruins fair renown; Nothing to want brings men so surely down

MeaningThere is nothing else that brings (us) poverty like gambling which causes many a misery and destroys (one's) reputation

935

கவறும் கழகமும் கையும் தருக்கி
இவறியார் இல்லாகி யார்.

Kavarum Kazhakamum Kaiyum Tharukki
Ivariyaar Illaaki Yaar

Pope (1886)The dice, and gaming-hall, and gamester's art, they eager sought, Thirsting for gain- the men in other days who came to nought

MeaningPenniless are those who by reason of their attachment would never forsake gambling, the gamblingplace and the handling (of dice)

936

அகடாரார் அல்லல் உழப்பர்சூ தென்னும்
முகடியான் மூடப்பட் டார்.

Akataaraar Allal Uzhapparsoo Thennum
Mukatiyaan Mootappat Taar

Pope (1886)Gambling's Misfortune's other name: o'er whom she casts her veil, They suffer grievous want, and sorrows sore bewail

MeaningThose who are swallowed by the goddess called "gambling" will never have their hunger satisfied, but suffer the pangs of hell in the next world

937

பழகிய செல்வமும் பண்பும் கெடுக்கும்
கழகத்துக் காலை புகின்.

Pazhakiya Selvamum Panpum Ketukkum
Kazhakaththuk Kaalai Pukin

Pope (1886)Ancestral wealth and noble fame to ruin haste, If men in gambler's halls their precious moments waste

MeaningTo waste time at the place of gambling will destroy inherited wealth and goodness of character

938

பொருள்கெடுத்துப் பொய்மேற் கொளீஇ அருள்கெடுத்து
அல்லல் உழப்பிக்கும் சூது.

Porul Ketuththup Poimer Koleei
Arulketuththu Allal Uzhappikkum Soodhu

Pope (1886)Gambling wastes wealth, to falsehood bends the soul: it drives awayAll grace, and leaves the man to utter misery a prey

MeaningGambling destroys property, teaches falsehood, puts an end to benevolence, and brings in misery (here and hereafter)

939

உடைசெல்வம் ஊண்ஒளி கல்விஎன்று ஐந்தும்
அடையாவாம் ஆயங் கொளின்.

Utaiselvam Oonoli Kalviendru Aindhum
Ataiyaavaam Aayang Kolin

Pope (1886)Clothes, wealth, food, praise, and learning, all departFrom him on gambler's gain who sets his heart

MeaningThe habit of gambling prevents the attainment of these five: clothing, wealth, food, fame and learning

940

இழத்தொறூஉம் காதலிக்கும் சூதேபோல் துன்பம்
உழத்தொறூஉம் காதற்று உயிர்.

Izhaththoruum Kaadhalikkum Soodhepol Thunpam
Uzhaththoruum Kaadhatru Uyir

Pope (1886)Howe'er he lose, the gambler's heart is ever in the play; E'en so the soul, despite its griefs, would live on earth alway

MeaningAs the gambler loves (his vice) the more he loses by it, so does the soul love (the body) the more it suffers through it

95மருந்து MarundhuMedicine couplets 941–950

Medicine: excess or deficiency of the three humours causes disease; eat after digestion, in measure.

Nature & rainSelf-control

941key couplet

மிகினும் குறையினும் நோய்செய்யும் நூலோர்
வளிமுதலா எண்ணிய மூன்று.

Mikinum Kuraiyinum Noiseyyum Noolor
Valimudhalaa Enniya Moondru

Pope (1886)The learned books count three, with wind as first; of these, As any one prevail, or fail; 'twill cause disease

MeaningIf (food and work are either) excessive or deficient, the three things enumerated by (medical) writers, flatulence, biliousness, and phlegm, will cause (one) disease

Word by word
மிகினும்if excessive
குறையினும்if deficient
நோய்செய்யும்cause disease
நூலோர்the medical writers
வளிமுதலாwind first
எண்ணியcounted
மூன்றுthe three

InsightThe three doṣas of Āyurveda — Valluvar’s rule of moderation, the Gītā’s yuktāhāra-vihārasya (6.17).

942

மருந்தென வேண்டாவாம் யாக்கைக்கு அருந்தியது
அற்றது போற்றி உணின்.

Marundhena Ventaavaam Yaakkaikku Arundhiyadhu
Atradhu Potri Unin

Pope (1886)No need of medicine to heal your body's pain, If, what you ate before digested well, you eat again

MeaningNo medicine is necessary for him who eats after assuring (himself) that what he has (already) eaten has been digested

943

அற்றால் அறவறிந்து உண்க அஃதுடம்பு
பெற்றான் நெடிதுய்க்கும் ஆறு.

Atraal Aravarindhu Unka Aqdhutampu
Petraan Netidhuykkum Aaru

Pope (1886)Who has a body gained may long the gift retain, If, food digested well, in measure due he eat again

MeaningIf (one's food has been) digested let one eat with moderation; (for) that is the way to prolong the life of an embodied soul

944

அற்றது அறிந்து கடைப்பிடித்து மாறல்ல
துய்க்க துவரப் பசித்து.

Atradhu Arindhu Kataippitiththu Maaralla
Thuykka Thuvarap Pasiththu

Pope (1886)Knowing the food digested well, when hunger prompteth thee, With constant care, the viands choose that well agree

Meaning(First) assure yourself that your food has been digested and never fail to eat, when very hungry, whatever is not disagreeable (to you)

945

மாறுபாடு இல்லாத உண்டி மறுத்துண்ணின்
ஊறுபாடு இல்லை உயிர்க்கு.

Maarupaatu Illaadha Unti Maruththunnin
Oorupaatu Illai Uyirkku

Pope (1886)With self-denial take the well-selected meal; So shall thy frame no sudden sickness feel

MeaningThere will be no disaster to one's life if one eats with moderation, food that is not disagreeable

946

இழிவறிந்து உண்பான்கண் இன்பம்போல் நிற்கும்
கழிபேர் இரையான்கண் நோய்.

Izhivarindhu Unpaankan Inpampol Nirkum
Kazhiper Iraiyaankan Noi

Pope (1886)On modest temperance as pleasures pure, So pain attends the greedy epicure

MeaningAs pleasure dwells with him who eats moderately, so disease (dwells) with the glutton who eats voraciously

947

தீயள வன்றித் தெரியான் பெரிதுண்ணின்
நோயள வின்றிப் படும்.

Theeyala Vandrith Theriyaan Peridhunnin
Noyala Vindrip Patum

Pope (1886)Who largely feeds, nor measure of the fire within maintains, That thoughtless man shall feel unmeasured pains

MeaningHe will be afflicted with numberless diseases, who eats immoderately, ignorant (of the rules of health)

948

நோய்நாடி நோய்முதல் நாடி அதுதணிக்கும்
வாய்நாடி வாய்ப்பச் செயல்.

Noinaati Noimudhal Naati Adhudhanikkum
Vaainaati Vaaippach Cheyal

Pope (1886)Disease, its cause, what may abate the ill:Let leech examine these, then use his skill

MeaningLet the physician enquire into the (nature of the) disease, its cause and its method of cure and treat it faithfully according to (medical rule)

949

உற்றான் அளவும் பிணியளவும் காலமும்
கற்றான் கருதிச் செயல்.

Utraan Alavum Piniyalavum Kaalamum
Katraan Karudhich Cheyal

Pope (1886)The habitudes of patient and disease, the crises of the illThese must the learned leech think over well, then use his skill

MeaningThe learned (physician) should ascertain the condition of his patient; the nature of his disease, and the season (of the year) and (then) proceed (with his treatment)

950

உற்றவன் தீர்ப்பான் மருந்துழைச் செல்வானென்று
அப்பால் நாற் கூற்றே மருந்து.

Utravan Theerppaan Marundhuzhaich Chelvaanendru
Appaal Naar Kootre Marundhu

Pope (1886)For patient, leech, and remedies, and him who waits by patient's side, The art of medicine must fourfold code of laws provide

MeaningMedical science consists of four parts, viz, patient, physician, medicine and compounder; and each of these (again) contains four sub-divisions

Tamil text and transliteration from the open Tirukkural dataset (github.com/tk120404/thirukkural), typos corrected. English: G. U. Pope’s verse translation (1886) and a 19th-century prose rendering, both public domain. Word meanings, chapter themes and insights are written for this page, following the classical reading of Parimēlaḻakar. Pictures: Wikimedia Commons (public domain / CC0) and drawings made for this page.